4G - History of 4G and Pre-4G Technologies

History of 4G and Pre-4G Technologies

The 4G system was originally envisioned by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The DARPA selected the distributed architecture and end-to-end Internet protocol (IP), and believed at an early stage in peer-to-peer networking in which every mobile device would be both a transceiver and a router for other devices in the network, eliminating the spoke-and-hub weakness of 2G and 3G cellular systems.Zheng, P; Peterson, L; Davie, B; Farrel, A (2009), Wireless Networking Complete, Morgan Kaufmann Since the 2.5G GPRS system, cellular systems have provided dual infrastructures: packet switched nodes for data services, and circuit switched nodes for voice calls. In 4G systems, the circuit-switched infrastructure is abandoned and only a packet-switched network is provided, while 2.5G and 3G systems require both packet-switched and circuit-switched network nodes, i.e. two infrastructures in parallel. This means that in 4G, traditional voice calls are replaced by IP telephony.

• In 2002, the strategic vision for 4G—which ITU designated as IMT-Advanced—was laid out.
• In 2005, OFDMA transmission technology is chosen as candidate for the HSOPA downlink, later renamed 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) air interface E-UTRA.
• In November 2005, KT demonstrated mobile WiMAX service in Busan, South Korea."KT Launches Commercial WiBro Services in Korea". WiMAX Forum. 2005-11-15. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. http://www.wimaxforum.org/news/831. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
• In April 2006, KT started the world's first commercial mobile WiMAX service in Seoul, South Korea."KT's Experience In Development Projects". March 2011. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:j1mm0J_8YhUJ:siteresources.worldbank.org/INFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/Resources/D2S3P1-HansukKim.ppt+korea+telecom+world+first+wimax&hl=en&gl=ca&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjp3_duwO7obczd0MFmjzaRQaxh1R_TRKXfnyz1WC7RZEc8KXYPGgkGqC0ajxRoX3cNeTxaae3Plbw7tmnfOeRItEUvjYsrbrs6sEXNBH_KfFuxXdywbpNvHWMioQTqkwNXio2A&sig=AHIEtbSPR12ZSd0r6y4ayO0ypW1xpUn7xQ.
• In mid-2006, Sprint Nextel announced that it would invest about US$5 billion in a WiMAX technology buildout over the next few years"4G Mobile Broadband". Sprint. Archived from the original on 22 February 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080222022426/http://www2.sprint.com/mr/cda_pkDetail.do?id=1260. Retrieved 2008-03-12. ($5.76 billion in real terms). Since that time Sprint has faced many setbacks that have resulted in steep quarterly losses. On 7 May 2008, Sprint, Imagine, Google, Intel, Comcast, Bright House, and Time Warner announced a pooling of an average of 120 MHz of spectrum; Sprint merged its Xohm WiMAX division with Clearwire to form a company which will take the name "Clear".
• In February 2007, the Japanese company NTT DoCoMo tested a 4G communication system prototype with 4×4 MIMO called VSF-OFCDM at 100 Mbit/s while moving, and 1 Gbit/s while stationary. NTT DoCoMo completed a trial in which they reached a maximum packet transmission rate of approximately 5 Gbit/s in the downlink with 12×12 MIMO using a 100 MHz frequency bandwidth while moving at 10 km/h,"DoCoMo Achieves 5 Gbit/s Data Speed". NTT DoCoMo Press. 2007-02-09. http://www.nttdocomo.com/pr/2007/001319.html. and is planning on releasing the first commercial network in 2010.
• In September 2007, NTT Docomo demonstrated e-UTRA data rates of 200 Mbit/s with power consumption below 100 mW during the test.Reynolds, Melanie (2007-09-14). "NTT DoCoMo develops low power chip for 3G LTE handsets". Electronics Weekly. http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2007/09/14/42179/ntt-docomo-develops-low-power-chip-for-3g-lte-handsets.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
• In January 2008, a U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) spectrum auction for the 700 MHz former analog TV frequencies began. As a result, the biggest share of the spectrum went to Verizon Wireless and the next biggest to AT&T."Auctions Schedule". FCC. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. http://wireless.fcc.gov/auctions/default.htm?job=auctions_sched. Retrieved 2008-01-08. Both of these companies have stated their intention of supporting LTE.
• In January 2008, EU commissioner Viviane Reding suggested re-allocation of 500–800 MHz spectrum for wireless communication, including WiMAX."European Commission proposes TV spectrum for WiMax". zdnetasia.com. Archived from the original on 14 December 2007. http://www.zdnetasia.com/news/communications/0,39044192,62021021,00.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
• On 15 February 2008, Skyworks Solutions released a front-end module for e-UTRAN."Skyworks Rolls Out Front-End Module for 3.9G Wireless Applications. (Skyworks Solutions Inc.)" (free registration required). Wireless News. February 14, 2008. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-33896688_ITM. Retrieved 2008-09-14."Wireless News Briefs — February 15, 2008". WirelessWeek. February 15, 2008. http://www.wirelessweek.com/News_Briefs021508.aspx. Retrieved 2008-09-14."Skyworks Introduces Industry's First Front-End Module for 3.9G Wireless Applications.". Skyworks press release (Free with registration). 11 FEB 2008. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-33869434_ITM. Retrieved 2008-09-14.
• In November 2008, ITU-R established the detailed performance requirements of IMT-Advanced, by issuing a Circular Letter calling for candidate Radio Access Technologies (RATs) for IMT-Advanced.ITU-R Report M.2134, “Requirements related to technical performance for IMT-Advanced radio interface(s),” November 2008.
• In April 2008, just after receiving the circular letter, the 3GPP organized a workshop on IMT-Advanced where it was decided that LTE Advanced, an evolution of current LTE standard, will meet or even exceed IMT-Advanced requirements following the ITU-R agenda.
• In April 2008, LG and Nortel demonstrated e-UTRA data rates of 50 Mbit/s while travelling at 110 km/h.Nortel and LG Electronics Demo LTE at CTIA and with High Vehicle Speeds :: Wireless-Watch Community (Access through web.archive.org)
• On 12 November 2008, HTC announced the first WiMAX-enabled mobile phone, the Max 4G"Scartel and HTC Launch World's First Integrated GSM/WiMAX Handset" (Press release). HTC Corporation. 12 November 2008. http://www.htc.com/www/press.aspx?id=76204&lang=1033. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
• In 15 December 2008, San Miguel Corporation, the largest food and beverage conglomeratein southeast Asia, has signed a memorandum of understanding with Qatar Telecom QSC (Qtel) to build wireless broadband and mobile communications projects in the Philippines. The joint-venture formed wi-tribe Philippines, which offers 4G in the country.San Miguel and Qatar Telecom Sign MOU San Miguel Corporation, December 15, 2008 Around the same time Globe Telecom rolled out the first WiMAX service in the Philippines.
• On 3 March 2009, Lithuania's LRTC announcing the first operational "4G" mobile WiMAX network in Baltic states."LRTC to Launch Lithuania’s First Mobile WiMAX 4G Internet Service" (Press release). WiMAX Forum. 3 March 2009. http://www.wimaxforum.org/news/837. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
• In December 2009, Sprint began advertising "4G" service in selected cities in the United States, despite average download speeds of only 3–6 Mbit/s with peak speeds of 10 Mbit/s (not available in all markets)."4G Coverage and Speeds". Sprint. http://nextelonline.nextel.com/en/stores/popups/4G_coverage_popup.shtml. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
• On 14 December 2009, the first commercial LTE deployment was in the Scandinavian capitals Stockholm and Oslo by the Swedish-Finnish network operator TeliaSonera and its Norwegian brandname NetCom (Norway). TeliaSonera branded the network "4G". The modem devices on offer were manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-B3710), and the network infrastructure created by Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm). TeliaSonera plans to roll out nationwide LTE across Sweden, Norway and Finland."Teliasonera First To Offer 4G Mobile Services". The Wall Street Journal. 2009-12-14. http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20091214-707449.html.NetCom.no - NetCom 4G (in English) TeliaSonera used spectral bandwidth of 10 MHz, and single-in-single-out, which should provide physical layer net bitrates of up to 50 Mbit/s downlink and 25 Mbit/s in the uplink. Introductory tests showed a TCP throughput of 42.8 Mbit/s downlink and 5.3 Mbit/s uplink in Stockholm.Daily Mobile Blog
• On 25 February 2010, Estonia's EMT opened LTE "4G" network working in test regime.Neudorf, Raigo (25 February 2010). "EMT avas 4G testvõrgu" (in Estonian). E24.ee. http://www.e24.ee/?id=229584. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
• On 4 June 2010, Sprint Nextel released the first WiMAX smartphone in the US, the HTC Evo 4G.Anand Lal Shimpi (June 28, 2010). "The Sprint HTC EVO 4G Review". AnandTech. http://www.anandtech.com/show/3791/the-sprint-htc-evo-4g-review. Retrieved 2011-03-19.
• In July 2010, Uzbekistan's MTS deployed LTE in Tashkent.МТS kompaniyasi O’zbekistonda 4G tarmog’i ishga tushirilishini e’lon qiladi (in Uzbek)
• On 25 August 2010, Latvia's LMT opened LTE "4G" network working in test regime 50% of territory.
• On November 4, 2010, the Samsung Galaxy Craft offered by MetroPCS is the first commercially available LTE smartphoneMetroPCS.
• On 6 December 2010, at the ITU World Radiocommunication Seminar 2010, the ITU stated that LTE, WiMax and similar "evolved 3G technologies" could be considered "4G".
• On 12 December 2010, VivaCell-MTS launches in Armenia a 4G/LTE commercial test network with a live demo conducted in Yerevan.VivaCell-MTS launches in Armenia 4G/LTE
• On 28 April 2011, Lithuania's Omnitel opened a LTE "4G" network working in the 5 largest cities.""Omnitel" skelbia pirmoji Lietuvoje pradėjusi tiekti 4G LTE ryšio paslaugas" (in Lithuanian). delfi.lt. 2011-04-28. http://mokslas.delfi.lt/technology/omnitel-skelbia-pirmoji-lietuvoje-pradejusi-tiekti-4g-lte-rysio-paslaugas.d?id=44866433. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
• In September 2011, all three Saudi telecom companies STC, Mobily and Zain announced that they will offer 4G LTE for USB modem dongles, with further development for phones by 2013."Mobily Announces 4G LTE Service in Saudi Arabia (STC and Zain too)". SaudiMac. http://www.saudimac.com/2011/09/mobily-announces-4g-lte-service-in-saudi-arabia/. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
• In 2011, Argentina's Claro launched a 4G HSPA+ network in the country.
• In 2011, Thailand's Truemove-H launched a 4G HSPA+ network with nation-wide availability.
• On March 17, 2011, the HTC Thunderbolt offered by Verizon in the U.S. was the second LTE smartphone to be sold commercially."Verizon launches its first LTE handset". Telegeography.com. 2011-03-16. http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2011/03/16/verizon-launches-its-first-lte-handset/. Retrieved 2012-07-31."HTC ThunderBolt is officially Verizon's first LTE handset, come March 17th". Phonearena.com. http://www.phonearena.com/news/HTC-ThunderBolt-is-officially-Verizons-first-LTE-handset-come-March-17th_id17455. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
• On 31 January 2012, Thailand's AIS and its subsidiaries DPC under cooperation with CAT Telecom for 1800 MHz frequency band and TOT for 2300 MHz frequency band launched the first field trial LTE in Thailand with authorization from NBTC."4G Thailand : First 4G field trial of Thailand". AIS. http://www.ais.co.th/4g/. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
• In February 2012, Ericsson demonstrated mobile-TV over LTE, utilizing the new eMBMS service (enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service)."demonstrates Broadcast Video/TV over LTE". Ericsson. http://www.ericsson.com/news/1589080. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
• On 10 April 2012, Bharti Airtel launched 4G LTE in Kolkata, first in India which resulted in India to be one of the first countries in the world to deploy the cutting edge technology commercially."Bharti Airtel launches India's first 4G service". The Times Of India. 10 April 2012. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/telecom/bharti-airtel-launches-indias-first-4g-service/articleshow/12607018.cms.
• On 20 May 2012, Azerbaijan's biggest mobile operator Azercell launched 4G LTE.1st news (2012-05-24). "Azercell объявил о запуске 4G". 1NEWS.AZ. http://www.1news.az/economy/tech/20120524122914330.html. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
• On 10 October 2012, Vodacom (Vodafone South Africa) became the first operator in South Africa to launch a commercial LTE service.