4th Millennium BC - Cultures

Cultures

The Neolithic
↑ Mesolithic
Fertile crescent
Levantine corridor
Heavy Neolithic
Shepherd Neolithic
Trihedral Neolithic
Qaraoun culture
Tahunian culture
Yarmukian Culture
Halaf culture
Ubaid culture
Uruk culture
Byblos
Jericho
Tell Aswad
Çatalhöyük
Jarmo
Europe
Boian culture
Cernavodă culture
Coțofeni culture
Cucuteni-Trypillian culture
Dudeşti culture
Gorneşti culture
Gumelniţa–Karanovo culture
Hamangia culture
Linear Pottery culture
Malta Temples
Petreşti culture
Sesklo culture
Tisza culture
Tiszapolgár culture
Usatovo culture
Varna culture
Vinča culture
Vučedol culture
Neolithic Transylvania
Neolithic Southeastern Europe
China
Tibet
Korea
South Asia
Mehrgarh

farming, animal husbandry
pottery, metallurgy, wheel
circular ditches, henges, megaliths
Neolithic religion

↓ Chalcolithic
  • Mesopotamia
    • Uruk period (protohistoric Sumer) 4100–3100 BC
    • Proto-Elamite from 3200 BC
    • Urkesh (northern Syria) founded during the fourth millennium BC possibly by the Hurrians
  • Neolithic Europe and Western Eurasia
    • Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization.
    • The Yamna culture ("Kurgan culture"), succeeding the Sredny Stog culture is the locus of the Proto-Indo-Europeans according to the Kurgan hypothesis
    • The Pit Grave ("Kurgan culture"), succeeding the Sredny Stog culture is the locus of the Turkic peoples according to the Paleolithic Continuity Theory
    • The Maykop culture of the Caucasus, contemporary to the Kurgan culture, is a candidate for the origin of bronze production and thus the Bronze Age.
    • Vinca culture
    • Afanasevo 3500—2500 BC, Siberia, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan - late copper and early Bronze Age.
    • Yamna/Kurgan 3500-2300 BC, Pontic-Caspian (east of Black Sea).
    • Kura-Araxes 3400–2000 BC - earliest evidence found on the Ararat plain
  • Europe
    • The Trypillian culture has cities with 15,000 citizens, eastern Europe, 5500–2750 BC.
    • The Funnelbeaker culture, Scandinavia, 4000–2700 BC, originated in southern parts of Europe and slowly advanced up through today's Uppland.
  • Indian subcontinent
    • Indus Valley Civilization
    • Mehrgarh III–VI
  • Africa
    • Naqada culture on the Nile, 4000–3000 BC. First hieroglyphs appear thus far around 3500 BC as found on labels in a ruler's tomb at Abydos.
  • Asia
    • Neolithic Chinese settlements. They produced silk and pottery (chiefly the Yangshao and the Lungshan cultures), wore hemp clothing, and domesticated pigs and dogs.
    • Vietnamese Bronze Age culture. The Đồng Đậu Culture, 4000–2500 BC, produced many wealthy bronze objects.
  • c. 4000–3000 BC—Austronesian peoples reach Formosa (Taiwan) having crossed 150 km from China using advanced maritime technology.

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