4th Millennium BC - Cultures | Technology Trends

Cultures

The Neolithic
↑ Mesolithic
Fertile crescent Levantine corridor Heavy Neolithic Shepherd Neolithic Trihedral Neolithic Qaraoun culture Tahunian culture Yarmukian Culture Halaf culture Ubaid culture Uruk culture Byblos Jericho Tell Aswad Çatalhöyük Jarmo Europe Boian culture Cernavodă culture Coțofeni culture Cucuteni-Trypillian culture Dudeşti culture Gorneşti culture Gumelniţa–Karanovo culture Hamangia culture Linear Pottery culture Malta Temples Petreşti culture Sesklo culture Tisza culture Tiszapolgár culture Usatovo culture Varna culture Vinča culture Vučedol culture Neolithic Transylvania Neolithic Southeastern Europe China Tibet Korea South Asia Mehrgarh
farming, animal husbandry pottery, metallurgy, wheel circular ditches, henges, megaliths Neolithic religion
↓ Chalcolithic

Mesopotamia
- Uruk period (protohistoric Sumer) 4100–3100 BC
- Proto-Elamite from 3200 BC
- Urkesh (northern Syria) founded during the fourth millennium BC possibly by the Hurrians
Neolithic Europe and Western Eurasia
- Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization.
- The Yamna culture ("Kurgan culture"), succeeding the Sredny Stog culture is the locus of the Proto-Indo-Europeans according to the Kurgan hypothesis
- The Pit Grave ("Kurgan culture"), succeeding the Sredny Stog culture is the locus of the Turkic peoples according to the Paleolithic Continuity Theory
- The Maykop culture of the Caucasus, contemporary to the Kurgan culture, is a candidate for the origin of bronze production and thus the Bronze Age.
- Vinca culture
- Afanasevo 3500—2500 BC, Siberia, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan - late copper and early Bronze Age.
- Yamna/Kurgan 3500-2300 BC, Pontic-Caspian (east of Black Sea).
- Kura-Araxes 3400–2000 BC - earliest evidence found on the Ararat plain
Europe
- The Trypillian culture has cities with 15,000 citizens, eastern Europe, 5500–2750 BC.
- The Funnelbeaker culture, Scandinavia, 4000–2700 BC, originated in southern parts of Europe and slowly advanced up through today's Uppland.
Indian subcontinent
- Indus Valley Civilization
- Mehrgarh III–VI
Africa
- Naqada culture on the Nile, 4000–3000 BC. First hieroglyphs appear thus far around 3500 BC as found on labels in a ruler's tomb at Abydos.
Asia
- Neolithic Chinese settlements. They produced silk and pottery (chiefly the Yangshao and the Lungshan cultures), wore hemp clothing, and domesticated pigs and dogs.
- Vietnamese Bronze Age culture. The Đồng Đậu Culture, 4000–2500 BC, produced many wealthy bronze objects.
c. 4000–3000 BC—Austronesian peoples reach Formosa (Taiwan) having crossed 150 km from China using advanced maritime technology.

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