Biology - Branches of Biology

Branches of Biology

These are the main branches of biology:

• Aerobiology – the study of airborne organic particles
• Agriculture – the study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications
• Anatomy – the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans
• Arachnology – the study of arachnids
• Astrobiology – the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe—also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy
• Biochemistry – the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
• Bioengineering – the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology
• Biogeography – the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally
• Bioinformatics – the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
• Biomathematics (or Mathematical biology) – the quantitative or mathematical study of biological processes, with an emphasis on modeling
• Biomechanics – often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through prosthetics or orthotics
• Biomedical research – the study of the human body in health and disease
• Biophysics – the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences
• Biotechnology – a new and sometimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and synthetic biology
• Building biology – the study of the indoor living environment
• Botany – the study of plants
• Cell biology – the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
• Conservation biology – the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife
• Cryobiology – the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings
• Developmental biology – the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure
• Ecology – the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment
• Embryology – the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth)
• Entomology – the study of insects
• Environmental biology – the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity
• Epidemiology – a major component of public health research, studying factors affecting the health of populations
• Epigenetics – the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
• Ethology – the study of animal behavior
• Evolutionary biology – the study of the origin and descent of species over time
• Genetics – the study of genes and heredity
• Hematology ( also known as Haematology ) - the study of blood and blood - forming organs.
• Herpetology – the study of reptiles and amphibians
• Histology – the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy
• Ichthyology – the study of fish
• Integrative biology – the study of whole organisms
• Limnology – the study of inland waters
• Mammalogy – the study of mammals
• Marine biology (or Biological oceanography) – the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings
• Microbiology – the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things
• Molecular biology – the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry
• Mycology – the study of fungi
• Neurobiology – the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology and pathology
• Oncology – the study of cancer processes, including virus or mutation oncogenesis, angiogenesis and tissues remoldings
• Ornithology – the study of birds
• Population biology – the study of groups of conspecific organisms, including
  • Population ecology – the study of how population dynamics and extinction
  • Population genetics – the study of changes in gene frequencies in populations of organisms
• Paleontology – the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life
• Pathobiology or pathology – the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease
• Parasitology – the study of parasites and parasitism
• Pharmacology – the study and practical application of preparation, use, and effects of drugs and synthetic medicines
• Physiology – the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and parts of living organisms
• Phytopathology – the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)
• Psychobiology – the study of the biological bases of psychology
• Sociobiology – the study of the biological bases of sociology
• Structural biology – a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules
• Synthetic Biology- research integrating biology and engineering; construction of biological functions not found in nature
• Virology – the study of viruses and some other virus-like agents
• Zoology – the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, and behavior (branches include: Entomology, Ethology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Mammalogy, and Ornithology)