Brauer or Bräuer is a surname of German origin, meaning "brewer". Notable people with the name include:
- Arik Brauer (born 1929), Austrian painter, poet, and actor, father of Timna Brauer
- Friedrich Moritz Brauer (1832–1904), Austrian entomologist and museum director
- Ingrid Arndt-Brauer (born 1961), German politician; member of the Bundestag
- Jono Brauer (born 1981), Australian Olympic skier
- Max Brauer (1887–1973), German politician; First Mayor of Hamburg
- Michael Brauer (contemporary), American audio engineer
- Rich Brauer (born 1954), American politician from Illinois; state legislator since 2003
- Richard Brauer (1901–1977), German-American mathematician
- Richard H. W. Brauer (contemporary), American art museum director; eponym of the Brauer Museum of Art in Valparaiso, Indiana
- Thage Brauer (1894–1988), Swedish Olympic high jumper
- Timna Brauer (born 1961), Austrian singer and songwriter, daughter of Arik Brauer
- Tiny Brauer (1909–1990), American actor
- Wilfried Brauer (born 1937), German computer scientist
- Bräuer
- Bruno Bräuer (1893–1947), German general officer and paratrooper; executed in Greece for war crimes
- Curt Bräuer (1889–1969), German diplomat; ambassador to Norway at the time of the German invasion