Lexicon
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The vocabularies of Brazilian and European Portuguese also differ in a couple of thousand words, many of which refer to concepts that were introduced separately in BP and EP.
Since Brazilian independence in 1822, BP has tended to borrow words from English and French. However, BP generally adopts foreign words with minimal adjustments, while EP tends to apply deeper morphological changes. However, there are instances of BP adapting English words, whereas EP retains the original form – hence estoque and stock. Finally, one dialect often borrowed a word while the other coined a new one from native elements. So one has, for example
- BP mouse ← English "(computer) mouse" versus EP rato ← literal translation of "mouse" in Portuguese
- BP esporte (alternatives: desporto, desporte) ← English "sport" versus EP desporto ← Spanish deporte
- BP jaqueta ← English "jacket" versus EP blusão ← EP blusa ← French blouse (also used in BP)
- BP concreto ← English "concrete" versus EP betão ← French beton (in BP, a concrete truck is still called "betoneira")
- BP grampeador ("stapler") ← grapadora ← Spanish grapa versus EP agrafador ← agrafo ← French agrafe.
A few other examples are given in the following table:
| Brazil | Portugal | English |
| abridor de latas | abre-latas | can opener |
| aeromoça, comissária de bordo | hospedeira | flight stewardess |
| água-viva, medusa | alforreca | jellyfish |
| AIDS | SIDA (Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida) | AIDS |
| alho poró | alho-porro, alho-francês | leek |
| amerissagem | amaragem | landing on the sea, splash-down |
| aquarela | aguarela | watercolor |
| arquivo | ficheiro | file |
| aterrissagem | aterragem | landing |
| Band-Aid | penso rápido | band-aid (US), plaster (UK) |
| banheiro, toalete, toilettes, sanitário | casa de banho, quarto de banho, lavabos, sanitários | bathroom, toilet |
| bonde, bonde elétrico | eléctrico | streetcar (US), tram (UK) |
| brócoli | brócolos | broccoli |
| cílio (Classical Latin "cilium"), pestana, celha | pestana | eyelash |
| café da manhã, desjejum, parva | pequeno almoço, desjejum | breakfast |
| caminhonete, van, perua (informal) | camioneta | station wagon (US), estate car (UK) |
| câncer | cancro | cancer (the disease) |
| carona | boleia | ride, hitchhiking |
| carteira de habilitação, carteira de motorista, carta | carta de condução | driver's license (US), driving licence (UK) |
| carteira de identidade, RG (from "Registro Geral") | bilhete de identidade | ID card |
| telefone celular (or simply and most common "celular"), aparelho de telefonia celular | telemóvel | cell phone (US), mobile phone (UK) |
| canadense | canadiano | Canadian |
| caqui (from Japanese 柿 kaki) | dióspiro | persimmon |
| disco rígido, HD | disco duro | hard disk |
| dublagem | dobragem | dubbing |
| durex, fita adesiva | fita gomada, fita-cola, fita adesiva | Scotch Tape (US), Sellotape (UK) |
| time, equipe | equipa, equipe | team |
| estação de trem | gare, estação | railway station |
| estrada de ferro, ferrovia | caminho de ferro, ferrovia | railway |
| favela | bairro de lata | slum, shanty-town |
| fila | bicha, fila | line (US), queue (UK) |
| fóton | fotão | photon |
| fones de ouvido | auscultadores, auriculares | headphones |
| freio, breque | travão, freio | brake |
| gol | golo | goal (in sports) |
| grama, relva | relva | grass (lawn) |
| Irã | Irão | Iran |
| Islã | Islão | Islam |
| israelense, israelita | israelita | Israeli |
| maiô, maillot | fato de banho | woman's swimsuit |
| mamadeira | biberão, biberon | baby bottle |
| metrô | metro, metropolitano | underground railway, metropolitan railway |
| Moscou | Moscovo | Moscow |
| ônibus | autocarro | bus |
| polonês, polaco | polaco | Polish |
| rúgbi, rugby | râguebi, rugby | rugby |
| secretária eletrônica | atendedor de chamadas | (telephone) answering machine |
| sutiã, soutien | soutien, sutiã | bra |
| tcheco, checo | checo | Czech |
| tela | ecrã | screen |
| trem, composição ferroviária | comboio | train |
| Vietnã | Vietname | Vietnam |
Read more about this topic: Brazilian Portuguese
Famous quotes containing the word lexicon:
“According to Father’s lexicon people who started on a job and didn’t stay at it for 50 years were “quitters.” If you stayed 20 years and then shifted to more congenial work you were a “drifter.””
—Richard Bissell (1913–1977)
“Psychobabble is ... a set of repetitive verbal formalities that kills off the very spontaneity, candor, and understanding it pretends to promote. It’s an idiom that reduces psychological insight to a collection of standardized observations, that provides a frozen lexicon to deal with an infinite variety of problems.”
—Richard Dean Rosen (b. 1949)