Citation - Citation Styles

Citation Styles

Style guides
  • ACS Style Guide
  • AMA Manual of Style
  • AP Stylebook
  • The ASA Style Guide
  • Bluebook
  • The Chicago Manual of Style
  • The Elements of Style
  • The Elements of Typographic Style
  • ISO 690
  • MHRA Style Guide
  • The Microsoft Manual of Style
  • MLA Handbook
  • MLA Style Manual
  • The New York Times Manual
  • The Oxford Guide to Style/New Hart's Rules
  • The Publication Manual of the APA
  • Turabian

Citation styles can be broadly divided into styles common to the Humanities and the Sciences, though there is considerable overlap. Some style guides, such as the Chicago Manual of Style, are quite flexible and cover both parenthetical and note citation systems. Others, such as MLA and APA styles, specify formats within the context of a single citation system. These may be referred to as citation formats as well as citation styles. The various guides thus specify order of appearance, for example, of publication date, title, and page numbers following the author name, in addition to conventions of punctuation, use of italics, emphasis, parenthesis, quotation marks, etc., particular to their style.

A number of organizations have created styles to fit their needs; consequently, a number of different guides exist. Individual publishers often have their own in-house variations as well, and some works are so long-established as to have their own citation methods too: Stephanus pagination for Plato; Bekker numbers for Aristotle; citing the Bible by book, chapter and verse; or Shakespeare notation by play, act and scene.

Some examples of style guides include:

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