Historical Confederations
Historical confederations (especially those predating the 20th century) may not fit the current definition of a confederation, may be proclaimed as a federation but be confederal (or the reverse), and may not show any qualities that are today recognized as those of a confederation.
Some have more the characteristics of a personal union, but they are listed here because of their self-styling.
- Crown of Aragon (1137–1716)
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (confederated personal union; 1447–1492, 1501–1569, (different governments, armies, treasuries, laws, territories with borders, citizenships; common monarch (Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland), parliament (Sejm) and currency)
- Old Swiss Confederacy (1291–1848), officially the Swiss Confederation
- Hanseatic League
- Kalmar Union (confederated personal union; 1397–1523; Denmark, Sweden, Norway)
- Livonian Confederation (1435–1561)
- Denmark–Norway (confederated personal union; 1536–1814)
- Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands (1581–1795)
- Wampanoag Confederacy
- Powhatan Confederacy
- Illinois Confederation
- Confederate Ireland (1641–1649)
- New England Confederation (1643–1684)
- Aro Confederacy, (1690–1902), in what is now Nigeria, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea
- Maratha Confederacy
- United States of America under the Articles of Confederation (1781–1789)
- Western Confederacy (1785–1795)
- Pre-united Germany after the Holy Roman Empire
- Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813) had no head of state nor a government
- German Confederation (1815–1866)
- United Provinces of New Granada (1810–1816 in what is now Colombia)
- Sweden–Norway (confederated personal union; 1814–1905)
- Confederation of the Equator (1824, located in Northeast Brazil)
- Argentine Confederation (1832–1860) (Even though the Argentine Republic can also be called Argentine Confederation nowadays)
- Peru–Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)
- Confederation of Central America (1842–1844, El Salvador+Guatemala+Honduras+Nicaragua)
- Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)
- Confederate States of America (1861–1865)
- North German Confederation (1867–1871)
- Carlist States in Spain (1872–1876)
- United Arab Republic (confederation de-facto; 1958–1961, Egypt+Syria; 1963, Egypt+Syria+Iraq)
- Arab Federation (confederation de-facto; 1958, (Iraq+Jordan)
- Union of African States (1961–1963, Mali+Ghana+Guinea)
- Federation of Arab Republics (confederation de-facto; 1972, Egypt+Syria+Libya)
- Arab Islamic Republic (confederation de-facto; 1974, Libya+Tunisia)
- Senegambia (1982–1989, Senegal+Gambia)
- Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
Read more about this topic: Confederation
Famous quotes containing the word historical:
“Quite apart from any conscious program, the great cultural historians have always been historical morphologists: seekers after the forms of life, thought, custom, knowledge, art.”
—Johan Huizinga (18721945)
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