Mathematics
- Congruence (geometry), being isometric — roughly, the same size and shape
- Congruence or congruence relation, in abstract algebra, an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure that is compatible with the structure
- Congruence subgroup, a subgroup defined by congruence conditions on the entries of a matrix group with integer entries
- In modular arithmetic, having the same remainder when divided by a specified integer
- Ramanujan's congruences, congruences for the partition function, p(n), first discovered by Ramanujan in 1919
- Congruence of squares, in number theory, a congruence commonly used in integer factorization algorithms
- Congruence (manifolds), in the theory of smooth manifolds, the set of integral curves defined by a nonvanishing vector field defined on the manifold
- Congruence (general relativity), in general relativity, a congruence in a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold that is interpreted physically as a model of space time, or a bundle of world lines
- Zeller's congruence, an algorithm to calculate the day of the week for any date
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Famous quotes containing the word mathematics:
“It is a monstrous thing to force a child to learn Latin or Greek or mathematics on the ground that they are an indispensable gymnastic for the mental powers. It would be monstrous even if it were true.”
—George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950)
“... though mathematics may teach a man how to build a bridge, it is what the Scotch Universities call the humanities, that teach him to be civil and sweet-tempered.”
—Amelia E. Barr (1831–1919)
“The three main medieval points of view regarding universals are designated by historians as realism, conceptualism, and nominalism. Essentially these same three doctrines reappear in twentieth-century surveys of the philosophy of mathematics under the new names logicism, intuitionism, and formalism.”
—Willard Van Orman Quine (b. 1908)