Electron Counting - Electrons Donated By Common Fragments

Electrons Donated By Common Fragments

Ligand Electrons contributed
(neutral counting)
Electrons contributed
(ionic counting)
X 1 2 (X-; X = F, Cl, Br, I)
H 1 2 (H-)
H 1 0 (H+)
O 2 4(O2-)
N 3 6 (N3-)
NR3 2 2 (NR3; R = H, alkyl, aryl)
CR2 2 4 (CR22-)
Ethylene 2 2 (C2H4)
cyclopentadienyl 5 6(C5H5-)
benzene 6 6 (C6H6)

Read more about this topic:  Electron Counting

Famous quotes containing the words electrons, donated, common and/or fragments:

    Such is the art of writing as Dreiser understands it and practices it—an endless piling up of minutiae, an almost ferocious tracking down of ions, electrons and molecules, an unshakable determination to tell it all. One is amazed by the mole-like diligence of the man, and no less by his exasperating disregard for the ease of his readers.
    —H.L. (Henry Lewis)

    Hard times accounted in large part for the fact that the exposition was a financial disappointment in its first year, but Sally Rand and her fan dancers accomplished what applied science had failed to do, and the exposition closed in 1934 with a net profit, which was donated to participating cultural institutions, excluding Sally Rand.
    —For the State of Illinois, U.S. public relief program (1935-1943)

    The same principles which at first view lead to skepticism, pursued to a certain point, bring men back to common sense.
    George Berkeley (1685–1753)

    The hypothesis I wish to advance is that ... the language of morality is in ... grave disorder.... What we possess, if this is true, are the fragments of a conceptual scheme, parts of which now lack those contexts from which their significance derived. We possess indeed simulacra of morality, we continue to use many of the key expressions. But we have—very largely if not entirely—lost our comprehension, both theoretical and practical, of morality.
    Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre (b. 1929)