Human Spaceflight - National Spacefaring Attempts

National Spacefaring Attempts

This section list all nations which have the technologies to travel into space. This should not to be confused with nations with citizens who have traveled into space including space tourists, flown or intended to fly by foreign country's or non-domestic private space systems – these are not counted as national spacefaring attempts in this list.
Nation/Organization Space agency Term(s) for space human First launched astronaut Date Spacecraft Launcher Type
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(1922–1991)
Soviet space program
(OKB-1 Design Bureau)
космонавт (Russian)
kosmonavt
cosmonaut
Yuri Gagarin April 12, 1961 Vostok spacecraft Vostok Orbital
United States of America National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronaut
spaceflight participant
Alan Shepard (suborbital) May 5, 1961 Mercury spacecraft Redstone Suborbital
United States of America National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronaut
spaceflight participant
John Glenn (orbital) February 20, 1962 Mercury spacecraft Atlas LV-3B Orbital
People's Republic of China Space program of the People's Republic of China 宇航员 (Chinese)
yǔhángyuán
航天员 (Chinese)
hángtiānyuán
taikonaut
... 1973 (abandoned) Shuguang 1 Long March 2A
People's Republic of China Space program of the People's Republic of China 宇航员 (Chinese)
yǔhángyuán
航天员 (Chinese)
hángtiānyuán
... 1981 (abandoned) Piloted FSW Long March 2
European Union CNES / European Space Agency (ESA) spationaute (French)
astronaut
... 1992 (abandoned) Hermes Ariane V
Ba'athist Iraq
(1968-2003)
... رجل فضاء (Arabic)
rajul faḍāʼ
رائد فضاء (Arabic)
rāʼib faḍāʼ
ملاح فضائي (Arabic)
mallāḥ faḍāʼiy
... 2001 (abandoned) ... Tammouz 2 or 3
State of Japan National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) 宇宙飛行士 (Japanese)
uchūhikōshi
... 2003 (abandoned) HOPE-X H-II
People's Republic of China China National Space Administration (CNSA) 太空人 (Chinese)
tàikōng rén
宇航员 (Chinese)
yǔhángyuán
航天员 (Chinese)
hángtiānyuán
Yang Liwei October 15, 2003 Shenzhou spacecraft Long March 2F Orbital
Republic of India Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) vyomanaut
gaganaut
aakashagaami
आकाशगामि: (Sanskrit)
brahmāndagaami
ब्रह्मान्डगामि: (Sanskrit)
antarikshyaatri
अन्तरिक्षयात्रि: (Sanskrit)
... 2016 (approved) Orbital Vehicle (OV) GSLV Mk II
Islamic Republic of Iran Iranian Space Agency (ISA) کیهان نورد (Persian)
kayhan navard
... 2017 (planned) ISA manned spacecraft ...
European Union European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut ... 2020 (approved conceptually but full development not begun) ARV phase-2 Ariane V
State of Japan Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) 宇宙飛行士 (Japanese)
uchūhikōshi
... 2025 (planned) HTV-based spacecraft H-IIB

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