Types of Keiretsu
Cartels and groupings of various kinds are common in Japan.
The two types of keiretsu, horizontal and vertical, can be further categorized as:
- Kigyō shūdan (企業集団, "horizontally diversified business groups"?)
- Seisan keiretsu (生産系列, "vertical manufacturing networks"?)
- Ryūtsū keiretsu (流通系列, "vertical distribution networks"?)
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