Plankalkül
While working on his Z4 computer, Zuse realised that programming in machine code was too complicated. After the progress of the war induced him to flee Berlin for the rural Allgäu, where he could not do any hardware work, he designed the first high-level programming language, Plankalkül ("Plan Calculus"), in 1945/6. This was first published in 1948, although not in its entirety until 1972. It was a theoretical contribution, since the language was not implemented in his lifetime and did not directly influence subsequent early languages. Heinz Rutishauser, one of the inventors of ALGOL, wrote: "The very first attempt to devise an algorithmic language was undertaken in 1948 by K. Zuse. His notation was quite general, but the proposal never attained the consideration it deserved." No compiler or interpreter was available for Plankalkül until a team from the Free University of Berlin implemented one in 2000.
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