Korotkov (Russian: Короткóв) may refer to :
- Andrey Korotkov (born 1954), the first Deputy Communications and Informatisation Minister in Russia
- Egor Korotkov (born 1986); a Russian freestyle skier
- Ilya Korotkov (born 1983), a Russian javelin thrower
- Leonid Korotkov (born 1965), the governor of Amur Oblast in Siberia, Russia
- Nikolai Korotkov (1874–1920), a Russian surgeon
- Nikolai Korotkov (footballer) (1893-1954), a Russian football player