Influential Libertarian Philosophers
- See also Category:Libertarian theorists and Timeline of libertarian thinkers
- Émile Armand – one of the most influential individualist anarchists of the early 20th century
- Mikhail Bakunin – one of the main theorists of collectivist anarchism and a major influence on the development of Left-libertarianism
- Frédéric Bastiat – one of the leading economists of the 19th century and creator of the concept of opportunity cost
- Murray Bookchin – the founder of libertarian municipalism and a leading theorist of the social ecology movement
- Joseph Déjacque – the first recorded person to call himself "libertarian" and the founder of the first publication with the name "Libertarian" in its title
- Milton Friedman – Nobel Prize-winning monetarist economist, notable for his advocacy of economic deregulation and privatization
- William Godwin – the first modern proponent of anarchism, whose political views are outlined in his book Political Justice
- Emma Goldman – influential proponent of anarcha-feminism
- Friedrich Hayek – Nobel Prize-winning Austrian School economist, notable for his political work The Road to Serfdom
- Hans-Hermann Hoppe – developed extensive work on (argumentation ethics)
- Peter Kropotkin – the main theorist of libertarian communism
- Ludwig von Mises – an influential figure in the Austrian School of economic thought who established praxeology
- Robert Nozick – political philosopher and author of Anarchy, State, and Utopia
- Pierre-Joseph Proudhon – the first self-described anarchist and founder of mutualism
- Ayn Rand – the creator of the philosophy of Objectivism
- Murray Rothbard – the founder of anarcho-capitalism and a leading Austrian school economist
- Max Stirner – founder of egoist anarchism
- Henry David Thoreau – one of the leading philosophers of American Transcendentalism and anarcho-pacifism
- Benjamin Tucker – a leading theorist of individualist anarchism in the 19th century
- Josiah Warren – the first known American anarchist and author of the first anarchist periodical The Peaceful Revolutionist
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“In the learned journal, in the influential newspaper, I discern no form; only some irresponsible shadow; oftener some monied corporation, or some dangler, who hopes, in the mask and robes of his paragraph, to pass for somebody. But through every clause and part of speech of the right book I meet the eyes of the most determined men; his force and terror inundate every word: the commas and dashes are alive; so that the writing is athletic and nimble,can go far and live long.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (18031882)
“It is, said Gargantua, as Plato said ... that republics will be happy when kings philosophize or philosophers reign.”
—François Rabelais (14941553)
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