Demographics
| Population Census | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1903 | 219,928 | — |
| 1960 | 1,138,611 | 2.88% |
| 1970 | 1,330,788 | 1.56% |
| 1975 | 1,479,116 | 2.11% |
| 1980 | 1,630,485 | 1.95% |
| 1990 | 1,601,234 | -0.18% |
| 1995 | 1,654,761 | 0.66% |
| 2000 | 1,581,082 | -0.91% |
| 2007 | 1,660,714 | 0.7% |
| 2010 | 1,652,171 | -0.17% |
As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 1,652,171 making it the second most populous city in the Philippines.
It is the most densely populated city in the world with 43,079 inhabitants per km2. District 6 is listed as being the most dense with 68,266 inhabitants per km2, followed by the first two districts with 64,936 and 64,710, respectively, and district 5 being the least dense with 19,235.
Manila's population density dwarfs that of Kolkata (27,774 inhabitants per km2), Mumbai (22,937 inhabitants per km2), Paris (20,164 inhabitants per km2), Dhaka (19,447 inhabitants per km2), Shanghai (16,364 inhabitants per km2, with its most dense district, Nanshi, having a density of 56,785 inhabitants per km2), and Tokyo (10,087 inhabitants per km2).
The vernacular language is Filipino, based mostly on the Tagalog of surrounding areas, and this Manila form of speaking Tagalog has essentially become the lingua franca of the Philippines, having spread throughout the archipelago through mass media and entertainment. Meanwhile, English is the language most widely used in education, business, and heavily in everyday usage throughout the Metro Manila region and the Philippines itself. A number of older residents can still speak basic Spanish, which was a mandatory subject in the curriculum of Philippine universities and colleges, and many children of European, Arab, Indian, Latin American, or other migrants or expatriates also speak their parents' languages at home, aside from English and/or Filipino for everyday use. Minnan Chinese (known as Lannang-oe) is spoken by the city's Chinese-Filipino community.
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