Mathers is a surname, and may refer to
- Edward Powys Mathers (1892 – 1939), British translator and poet
- Frank Mathers (1924 - 2005), Canadian hockey player, member of the Hockey Hall of Fame as a builder
- George Mathers, 1st Baron Mathers (1886 – 1965), Scottish politician
- Helen Mathers (1853 - 1920), pen name of English authoress Ellen Buckingham Mathews
- James Mathers (died 1811), the first Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate
- Jerry Mathers (born 1948), American actor
- Kim Mathers (born 1975), the ex-wife of rapper Eminem
- Marshall Mathers (born 1972), better known by his stage name Eminem, American rapper, actor, producer, perspective drawer and writer
- Moina Mathers (1865 - 1928), artist and occultist, wife of Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers
- Paul Mathers (born 1970), Scottish footballer and coach
- Peter Mathers (1931 - 2004), Australian author and playwright
- Richard Mathers (born 1983), English rugby league player
- Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers (1854-1918), English co-founder of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn