Etiology
The exact mechanisms of the complex pathways of metabolic syndrome are not yet completely known. The pathophysiology is extremely complex and has been only partially elucidated. Most patients are older, obese, sedentary, and have a degree of insulin resistance. Stress can also be a contributing factor. The most important factors are weight, genetics, endocrine disorders (such as polycystic ovary syndrome in women of reproductive age), aging, and sedentary lifestyle, (i.e., low physical activity and excess caloric intake).
There is debate regarding whether obesity or insulin resistance is the cause of the metabolic syndrome or if they are consequences of a more far-reaching metabolic derangement. A number of markers of systemic inflammation, including C-reactive protein, are often increased, as are fibrinogen, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNFα), and others. Some have pointed to a variety of causes, including increased uric acid levels caused by dietary fructose.
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