Time Frame For Recitation
Mincha is different from Shacharit and Maariv in that it is recited in the middle of the mundane day. Unlike Shacharit, which is recited upon arising, and Maariv, which can be recited before going to sleep, Mincha is the afternoon prayer and as a result of this, many Mincha groups have formed in workplaces and other places where many Jews are present during the day.
Mincha may be recited from half an hour after halachic noontime. This earliest time is referred to as mincha gedola (the "large mincha"). It is, however, preferably recited after mincha ketana (2.5 halachic hours before nightfall). Ideally, one should complete the prayers before sunset, although many authorities permit reciting Mincha until nightfall.
While it is permissible to recite mincha after shkia (sunset), the Mishnah Berurah states that is preferable to recite mincha without a minyan before shkia than to recite it with a minyan after shkia.
On Friday, it is not permissible to recite mincha after shkia. This is because Shabbat begins at this time, and Shabbat candles are lit 18 minues prior to shkia. Once Shabbat begins, it is not permissible to recite the weekday Amidah. However one may repeat the Shabbos Maariv and have in mind that the missed mincha is being compensated for through the second Amidah.
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