Table Sorted By Date
The above list (with the same information) is given below as a collapsed table, initially sorted by date.
Date | National Day |
---|---|
1 January | Cuba (Liberation Day, Fidel Castro takes power in 1959 (and Spanish rule ends 1899)) |
1 January | Haiti (Declaration of independence from France 1804) |
1 January | Sudan (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom and the Egyptian Republic 1956) |
8 January | Northern Mariana Islands, United States (Commonwealth Day, the constitutional government takes office 1978) |
9 January | Serbian Republic Day celebrated in Republika Srpska |
17 January | Minorca, Spain (Alfonso III of Aragon took the island from Muslims, 1287) |
26 January | Australia (Australia Day, date of the founding of Sydney, the first European settlement in Australia, 1788) |
26 January | India (Republic Day, becoming the first republic in the British Commonwealth of Nations 1950) |
31 January | Nauru (Independence from the Australia, NZ, and UK-administered UN trusteeship 1968) |
4 February | Sri Lanka (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1948, still under name of Ceylon) |
6 February | New Zealand (Waitangi Day, signing of the Treaty of Waitangi 1840) |
7 February | Grenada (Independence from United Kingdom 1974) |
11 February | Iran (Victory of Islamic Revolution) |
11 February | Japan (National Foundation Day, Jimmu, the first emperor, is crowned in year 660 BC) |
15 February | Serbia (The beginning of the Serbian revolution against Ottoman rule 1804, first constitution 1835) |
16 February | Lithuania (Lithuanian State Reestablishment Day, declaration of independence from Russia and Germany 1918) |
17 February | Kosovo (see 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence) |
17 February | Libya (The revoultion against El-Gazafi) |
18 February | Gambia (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1965) |
18 February | Nepal (Martyr's Day) |
23 February | Brunei |
23 February | Guyana (Republic Day, also known as Mashramani, republic 1970) |
24 February | Estonia (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the Russia 1918) |
25 February | Kuwait (National Day) |
26 February | Kuwait Liberation Day (from Iraq 1991) |
27 February | Dominican Republic (independence from Haiti 1844) |
28 February | Andalusia, Spain (Dia de Andalucia) |
1 March | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dan nezavisnosti; Proclamation of independence from Yugoslavia in 1992) |
1 March | South Korea (declaration of independence of modern Korea and the March 1st movement) |
1 March | Wales, United Kingdom (St. David's Day, patron saint) |
2 March | Morocco (Independence from France 1956) |
3 March | Bulgaria (Liberation Day, autonomy within Ottoman Empire 1878) |
6 March | Ghana (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1957) |
8 March | Syria (Independence Day from The Ottoman Empire and declaration of The Arab Kingdom of Syria, the first modern Arab state in 1920) |
12 March | Mauritius (Independence Day, independence from the United Kingdom 1968, republic 1992) |
15 March | Hungary (1848 Revolution memorial day) |
17 March | Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (St. Patrick's Day) |
17 March | Ireland (St. Patrick's Day, patron saint of Ireland) |
18 March | Aruba (Kingdom of the Netherlands) (Flag Day: autonomy within the Netherlands in 1945) |
20 March | Tunisia (Declaration of independence from France 1956) |
21 March | Kurdistan (Nawroz, Kurdish New Year celebrated on the spring equinox) |
21 March | Namibia (Independence Day, from South African mandate 1990) |
23 March | Pakistan (Pakistan day, the Pakistan resolution passed in Lahore) |
25 March | Greece (Declaration of independence from Ottoman Empire 1821) |
26 March | Bangladesh (Independence Day, declaration of independence from Pakistan in 1971) |
31 March | Malta (Freedom Day, withdrawal of British troops from Malta 1979) |
31 March | United States Virgin Islands (US) (Transfer Day, transfer of the islands from Denmark to the United States 1917) |
3 April | Guinea (Independence from France 1958 on 2 October) |
4 April | Senegal (Independence from France 1960) |
17 April | American Samoa (US) (Flag Day) |
17 April | Syria (Evacuation Day, from France 1946) |
18 April | Zimbabwe (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the United Kingdom 1980; it had previously declared independence as Rhodesia in 1965) |
23 April | Aragon, Spain (St George's Day, patron saint) |
23 April | England, United Kingdom (St George's Day, patron saint of England, not a bank holiday) |
24 April | Vatican City (Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is inaugurated as the 265th Pope 2005) |
25 April | Italy (Partisans liberate Genoa, Milan and Tourin from German troops in 1945) |
27 April | Mayotte, France Abolition of slavery day (regional only) |
27 April | Sierra Leone (Republic Day, independence from the United Kingdom 1961) |
27 April | Togo (Independence from the French-administered UN trusteeship 1960) |
27 April | South Africa (first democratic general election 1994) |
28 April | Sardinia, Italy (Sa die de sa Sardinia - Sardinia's Day - celebrating the uprising of 28 April 1794) |
30 April | Netherlands (country) and Netherlands Antilles (Kingdom of the Netherlands) (Queensday, Queen Juliana's birthday) |
1 May | Marshall Islands (Constitution Day, 1979) |
3 May | Poland (Święto Konstytucji 3 Maja, Constitution Day, 1791) |
5 May | Netherlands (country) (Liberation Day, from Nazi Germany in 1945) |
9 May | Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Herm, Sark, British Islands (Liberation Day, the end of the German Occupation of the Channel Islands during World War II 1945) |
14 May | Israel (date varies) according to Jewish calendar at 5 Iyar (Yom Ha'atzmaut, proclamation of independence from the British Mandate of Palestine 1948) |
14 May | Paraguay (Independence Day (Día de Independencia), declaration of independence from Spain in 1811) |
17 May | Norway (Constitution Day, the signing of the first Norwegian Constitution in Eidsvoll 1814) |
20 May | Cameroon (National Day, creation of a unitary state 1972) |
20 May | East Timor (Independence from Indonesia in 2002) |
21 May | Montenegro (independence on the referendum in 2006) |
22 May | Martinique, France Abolition of slavery day (regional only) |
22 May | Yemen (Unity Day/National Day, North and South Yemen are unified as the Republic of Yemen 1990) |
24 May | Bermuda, United Kingdom (Originally Queen Victoria's birthday; now "Bermuda Day" to celebrate the islands' heritage and culture) |
24 May | Eritrea (Eritrean rebels enter the capital Asmara 1991; independence from Ethiopia 1993) |
25 May | Argentina (First Patriotic Government, the Spanish viceroy is removed and replaced by the Primera Junta during the May Revolution) |
25 May | Jordan (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1946; the parliament of Transjordan makes Abdullah I of Jordan their king 1946) |
25 May | Lebanon (Resistance and Liberation Day from Israel 2000) |
26 May | Georgia (Day of First Republic, declaration of independence from Russia 1918) |
27 May | Guadeloupe, France Abolition of slavery day (regional only) |
28 May | Armenia (Republic Day, independence from the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic 1918) |
28 May | Azerbaijan (Republic Day, independence from the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic 1918) |
28 May | Ethiopia (Downfall of the Derg Day, the Derg regime is defeated 1991) |
28 May | Nepal (Nepal a federal republic 2008, earlier the king's birthday) |
29 May | Nigeria (Democracy Day, return of democracy 1999) |
30 May | Anguilla, United Kingdom (Anguilla Day; the beginning of the Anguillian Revolution in 1967) |
1 June | Samoa (Independence Day, from New Zealand 1962) |
2 June | Italy (Festa della Repubblica, Italy is voted a republic in 1946 – Giuseppe Garibaldi died on this date in 1882) |
4 June | Tonga (Emancipation Day abolition of serfdom 1862, independence from the United Kingdom 1970) |
5 June | Denmark (no official National Day) (Constitution of 1849) |
6 June | Sweden (Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden 1523, the constitutions of 1809 and 1974) |
7 June | Malta (Sette Giugno, bread riot of 1919 where 4 Maltese men died) |
8 June | Norfolk Island, Australia (second settlement established (everybody from the Pitcairn Islands)) |
9 June * | Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, (all United Kingdom) * 2nd Saturday in June |
9 June * | United Kingdom does not have a recognized national day (see proposed British national day), although the Queen's Official Birthday (which is declared annually, usually falling on the second Saturday in June *) is sometimes considered as such, for example, in British diplomatic institutions overseas |
10 June | Portugal (Portugal Day, "Day of Camões, Portugal, and the Portuguese Communities", National Poet Luís de Camões dies in 1580) |
12 June | Philippines (Araw ng Kalayaan), Philippine Declaration of Independence, from Spain in 1898 |
12 June | Russian Federation Russia Day, declaration of sovereignty in 1990, (law priority over Soviet Union laws) |
14 June | Falkland Islands, United Kingdom 14 June (Liberation Day, the end of the Falklands War 1982) |
17 June | Iceland (National Day, founding of republic and dissolution of personal union with Denmark 1944) |
18 June | Seychelles (National Day) |
21 June | Greenland (Denmark) (Longest Day of the Year) (The National Day was introduced in 1983 as one of the Home Rule's traditions and is thus one of several expressions of national identity, which is also reflected in the flag, clothing, national anthem and language) |
23 June | Luxembourg (the Monarch's birthday) |
24 June | Québec (National Holiday, since 1977; also celebration of John the Baptist, patron saint of French Canadians, since 1834) |
24 June | Sovereign Military Order of Malta (Feast of St. John The Baptist, Patron Saint) |
25 June | Croatia (Statehood Day, declaration of independence from Yugoslavia 1991) |
25 June | Mozambique (Independence from Portugal 1975) |
25 June | Slovenia ((Statehood Day), declaration of independence from Yugoslavia 1991) |
26 June | Madagascar (Independence from France 1960) |
27 June | Djibouti (Independence from France 1977) |
30 June | Democratic Republic of Congo (Independence from Belgium in 1960) |
1 July | British Virgin Islands, United Kingdom |
1 July | Burundi (Independence from Belgium in 1962) |
1 July | Canada (Canada Day, Canada a confederation of four provinces 1867) |
1 July | Hong Kong (Transfer of sovereignty to the PRC 1997) |
1 July | Madeira Madeira Day (Autonomy from Portugal) |
1 July | Rwanda (Independence from Belgium in 1962) |
1 July | Somalia (Foundation of the Republic, from Italy and the formation of Somali Republic 1960) |
2 July | Curaçao (Kingdom of the Netherlands) (the first elected island council is instituted 1954) |
2 July * | Cayman Islands, United Kingdom * 1st Monday in July |
3 July | Belarus (Independence Day, liberation of Minsk from German occupation by Soviet troops in 1944) |
4 July | United States (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain 1776) |
5 July | Venezuela (Independence Day, declaration of independence from Spain 1811) |
5 July * | Isle of Man, British Islands (* usual date) (Tynwald Day, Tynwald (parliament) annual meeting) |
6 July | Comoros (Independence from France 1975) |
6 July | Lithuania (Statehood Day, establishment of the medieval Lithuanian kingdom by Mindaugas in 1253. |
6 July | Malawi (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1964; and Republic Day 1966) |
7 July | Solomon Islands (Independence Day, from United Kingdom 1978) |
9 July | Palau (Constitution Day, the world's first nuclear-free constitution 1981; "nuclear-free" dropped in 1994 in order to become an associated state to the United States in the Compact of Free Association) |
9 July | Argentina (Declaration of Independence, from Spain in 1816) |
9 July | South Sudan (Independence Day, from Sudan 2011) |
10 July | Bahamas (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1973) |
11 July | Mongolia (Naadam Holiday, declaration of independence from China 1921 Naadam is also celebrated in China by both Han Chinese and Mongols without political attachments). |
12 July | Kiribati (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1979) |
12 July | Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (Battle of the Boyne Day) |
12 July | São Tomé and Príncipe (Independence from Portugal 1975) |
13 July | Montenegro (recognised as independent at the Congress of Berlin 1878) |
14 July | France (Bastille Day, 14 July 1789); (Fête de la Fédération, 14 July 1790) |
14 July | French Guyana (France) (Fête de la Fédération) |
14 July | Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, (all France) (Bastille Day) |
20 July | Colombia (Declaration of independence from Spain 1810) |
21 July | Belgium (Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld takes the oath as first king of the Belgians in 1831) |
21 July | Guam (US) (Liberation Day, Americans landing on Guam 1944, the beginning of the Battle of Guam (1944)) |
23 July | Egypt (Revolution Day, the revolution of 1952) |
25 July | Puerto Rico (Constitution Day, establishment of Commonwealth of Puerto Rico 1952.
Formerly Invasion Day (1898) |
26 July | Liberia (Proclamation of the Republic: independence from the United States 1847) |
28 July | Peru (Declaration of independence from Spain in 1821) |
29 July | Faroe Islands (Denmark) (Ólavsøka (Saint Olaf's death at the Battle of Stiklestad in 1030): opening of the Løgting (parliament) session) |
30 July | Vanuatu (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom and France 1980) |
1 August | Benin (Independence from France in 1960) |
1 August | Switzerland (National Day, alliance against the Holy Roman Empire 1291, between Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden) |
4 August | Burkina Faso (change of name from Upper Volta in 1984) |
4 August | Cook Islands (Self-government in free association with New Zealand 1965) |
5 August | Burkina Faso (Independence Day, from France in 1960) |
6 August | Bolivia (Proclamation of Republic (independent from Spain) in 1825) |
6 August * | Jamaica * 1st Monday in August (Independence from the United Kingdom 6 August 1962) |
7 August | Côte d'Ivoire (Independence from France 1960) |
9 August | Afghanistan (Independence from United Kingdom control over Afghan foreign affairs in 1919) |
9 August | Singapore (National Day), Gained independence from Malaysia 1965) |
10 August | Ecuador (Proclamation of independence from Spain 1809) |
11 August | Balochistan, (Pakistan) (Independence from India in 1947) |
11 August | Chad (Independence from France 1960) |
14 August | Pakistan (Independence Day, independence from the British Indian Empire in 1947) |
15 August | India (Independence Day, from the British Empire 1947) |
15 August | South Korea (both the liberation from Japanese rule 1945 (Gwangbokjeol) and the declaration of the South Korean state 1948) |
15 August | Liechtenstein (The Hereditary Prince becomes Regent 2004) |
15 August | Republic of the Congo (Independence from France in 1960) |
16 August | Dominican Republic (Restoration Day, independence from Spain 1865) |
17 August | Gabon (Independence from France 1960) |
17 August | Indonesia (Proclamation of Independence day, (Hari Proklamasi Kemerdekaan R.I.), from Japan and the Netherlands 1945 |
20 August | Hungary (St. Stephen's day) |
24 August | Ukraine (Independence from the Soviet Union 1991) |
25 August | Uruguay (Día de la Independencia, declaration of independence from Brazil 1825) |
27 August | Moldova (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the Soviet Union 1991) |
29 August | Slovakia (Slovak National Uprising Day, start of a Slovak uprising against Nazi Germany 1944) |
30 August | Tatarstan (Declaration of independence from the RSFSR 1990) |
30 August | Turks and Caicos Islands, United Kingdom 30 August (Constitution Day, 1976) |
31 August | Kyrgyzstan (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the USSR in 1991) |
31 August | Malaysia (Hari Merdeka, independence (within the Commonwealth) from the United Kingdom 1957) |
31 August | Trinidad and Tobago (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1962) |
1 September | Slovakia (Constitution Day, independence from Czechoslovakia 1993) |
1 September | Uzbekistan (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the Soviet Union 1991) |
2 September | Transnistria (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the Moldova 1990) |
2 September | Vietnam (National Day, declaration of independence from France and China 1945) |
3 September | San Marino (Independence from the Roman Empire in year 301 (traditional date)) |
6 September | Swaziland (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1968) |
7 September | Brazil (Dia da Independência, declaration of independence from Portugal in 1822) |
8 September | Andorra (Our Lady of Meritxell Day, patron saint of Andorra) |
8 September | Macedonia (Den na nezavisnosta or Ден на независноста, declaration of independence from Yugoslavia 1991) |
9 September | North Korea (declaration of a democratic people's republic 1948) |
9 September | Tajikistan (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the Soviet Union 1991) |
10 September | Belize (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1981) |
10 September | Gibraltar, United Kingdom (Gibraltar National Day, people of Gibraltar vote to reject Spanish sovereignty or association 1967) |
11 September | Catalonia, Spain (loses its nominal independence and constitutions after the fall of Barcelona 1714) |
12 September | Cape Verde |
15 September | Costa Rica (Independence from Kingdom of Spain 1821) |
15 September | El Salvador (Independence from Kingdom of Spain 1821) |
15 September | Guatemala (Independence from Kingdom of Spain 1821) |
15 September | Honduras (Independence from Kingdom of Spain 1821) |
15 September | Nicaragua (Independence from Kingdom of Spain 1821) |
16 September | Malaysia (Malaysia Day, the formation of Malaysia) |
16 September | Mexico (Grito de Dolores, declaration of independence from Spain 1810) |
16 September | Papua New Guinea (Independence from Australia in 1975) |
18 September | Chile (the first Government Junta is created 1810) |
19 September | St Kitts and Nevis (Independence from the United Kingdom 1983) |
21 September | Belize (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1981) |
21 September | Malta (Independence Day, independence from the United Kingdom 1964) |
22 September | Mali (Independence from the Mali Federation 1960) |
23 September | Saudi Arabia (unification of the kingdoms Nejd and Hejaz 1932) |
24 September | Guinea-Bissau (Declaration of independence from Portugal 1973) |
30 September | Botswana (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1966) |
1 October | People's Republic of China National Day of the People's Republic of China (Proclamation of People's Republic of China 1949) |
1 October | Cyprus (Independence Day 1960) |
1 October | Hong Kong (National Day of the People's Republic of China) |
1 October | Macau (National Day of the People's Republic of China) |
1 October | Nigeria (Independence Day, from United Kingdom 1960 (and republic 1963) |
1 October | Tuvalu (Independence Day, independence from the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 1975 and the United Kingdom 1978) |
3 October | Germany (German Unity Day, unification of West Germany and East Germany 1990) |
3 October | Iraq (Independence from United Kingdom 1932) |
3 October | South Korea (Gaecheonjeol, the ancient Korea founded in 2333 BC) |
4 October | Lesotho (Independence from the United Kingdom 1966) |
6 October | Egypt (Armed Forces Day, the beginning of the October War 1973) |
10 October | Fiji (Fiji Day, independence from United Kingdom 1970) |
10 October | Taiwan (Double Ten Day commemorating the 1911 Wuchang Uprising that led to abolishment of monarchy in China and founding of the Republic of China (1911) ) |
12 October | Equatorial Guinea (Independence from Spain 1968) |
12 October | Spain (Fiesta Nacional de España, Columbus discovery of America 1492) |
19 October | Niue |
23 October | Hungary 23 October (1956 Revolution memorial day) |
24 October | Zambia (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the United Kingdom 1964) |
25 October | Basque Country, Spain (Day of the Basque Country) (official from 2011) |
25 October | Kazakhstan (Republic Day, declared sovereign republic within the USSR 1990) |
26 October | Austria (The Neutrality Constitution of 1955) |
27 October | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (Independence Day, from United Kingdom 1979) |
27 October | Turkmenistan (Independence Day, declaration of independence from the Soviet Union 1991) |
28 October | Czech Republic (Independence from Austria-Hungary (as Czechoslovakia) 1918) |
28 October | Greece (Ohi Day, rejection of the Italian ultimatum 1940) |
29 October | Turkey (Republic Day (Cumhuriyet Bayramı), republican constitution 1923) |
1 November | Algeria (start of the War of Independence in 1954) |
1 November | Antigua and Barbuda (Independence from the United Kingdom in 1981) |
3 November | Dominica (Independence from the United Kingdom 1978 (discovered by Christopher Columbus 1493)) |
3 November | Micronesia, Federated States of (Independence Day, from the US-administered UN Trusteeship 1979) |
3 November | Panama (Separation Day, declaration of independence from Colombia 1903) |
9 November | Cambodia (Independence from France in 1953) |
11 November | Angola (Independence from Portugal in 1975) |
11 November | Poland (Święto Niepodległości, Independence Day, restoration of independence from Austro-Hungary, Prussia, and Russia in 1918) |
11 November | St. Maarten (Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
15 November | Palestine |
15 November | Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Declaration of independence from the Cyprus 1983) |
18 November | Latvia (Declaration of independence from Russia 1918) |
18 November | Oman (birthday of Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said of Oman) |
19 November | Monaco (the levée of Prince Albert II 2005) |
22 November | Lebanon (Independence from France 1943) |
25 November | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian Republic Day celebrated in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, or the 1st session of the State's Antifascist Council of National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1943) |
25 November | Suriname (Independence Day, from the Netherlands 1975) |
28 November | Albania ("Dita e Pavarësisë", declaration of independence from Ottoman rule in 1912) |
28 November | Mauritania (Independence Day, from France 1960) |
30 November | Barbados (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom in 1966) |
30 November | Scotland, United Kingdom (St. Andrew's Day, patron saint of Scotland, now a bank holiday in Scotland) |
late Nov/Dec. | Myanmar 10th day following the full moon of the month of Tazaungmone (beginning of Student led protests against British colonial government in 1920) |
1 December | Central African Republic (autonomous territory within the French Community 1958) |
1 December | Romania (Union Day, unification with Transylvania 1918) |
2 December | Laos (National Day, people's republic declared 1975) |
2 December | United Arab Emirates (National Day, formation of federation of seven emirates on independence from the United Kingdom in 1971) |
3 December | Saba (Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
5 December | Thailand (birthday of King Bhumibol Adulyadej) |
6 December | Finland (Independence Day, declaration of independence from Russia 1917) |
9 December | Tanzania (Independence Day 1961) |
12 December | Kenya (Independence Day, from the United Kingdom 1963; Republic Day, (Jamhuri Day), 1964) |
13 December | Malta (Republic Day, republican constitution of 1974) |
13 December | St Lucia (National Day, independence from United Kingdom 1979; the saint's day) |
15 December | Kingdom of the Netherlands (Kingdom day, signing of the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 1954) |
16 December | Bahrain (Accession Day for the late Amir Sh. Isa Bin Salman Al Khalifa) |
16 December | Bangladesh (Victory Day, the day the Bangladesh Liberation War ended in 1971) |
17 December | Bhutan (Ugyen Wangchuck elected hereditary king 1907) |
18 December | Niger (Republic Day, autonomous state within the French Community 1958) |
18 December | Qatar (Official National Day Qatar National Day; the assumption of power of Sheikh Jassem bin Mohamed al-Thani in 1878) |
20 December | French Guyana (France) Abolition of slavery day |
20 December | Macau (Transfer of sovereignty to the PRC 1999) |
20 December | Réunion, France Abolition of slavery day (regional only) |
Read more about this topic: National Day
Famous quotes containing the words table, sorted and/or date:
“Remember thee?
Ay, thou poor ghost, whiles memory holds a seat
In this distracted globe. Remember thee?
Yea, from the table of my memory
Ill wipe away all trivial fond records,
All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past
That youth and observation copied there,
And thy commandment all alone shall live
Within the book and volume of my brain,”
—William Shakespeare (15641616)
“It hurts the spirit, somehow, to read the word environments, when the plural means that there are so many alternatives there to be sorted through, as in a market, and voted on.”
—Lewis Thomas (b. 1913)
“In the South, the war is what A.D. is elsewhere: they date from it.”
—Mark Twain [Samuel Langhorne Clemens] (18351910)