Otitis

Otitis is a general term for inflammation or infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals.

It is subdivided into the following:

  • Otitis externa, external otitis, or "swimmer's ear" involves the outer ear and ear canal. In external otitis, the ear hurts when touched or pulled.
  • Otitis media or middle ear infection involves the middle ear. In otitis media, the ear is infected or clogged with fluid behind the ear drum, in the normally air-filled middle-ear space. This very common childhood infection sometimes requires a surgical procedure called "myringotomy and tube insertion".
  • Otitis interna or labyrinthitis involves the inner ear. The inner ear includes sensory organs for balance and hearing. When the inner ear is inflamed, vertigo is a common symptom.
Diseases of the ear and mastoid process (H60–H99, 380–389)
Outer ear
  • Otitis externa
  • Otomycosis
Middle ear and mastoid
  • Otitis media
  • Mastoiditis
    • Bezold's abscess
    • Gradenigo's syndrome
  • Tympanosclerosis
  • Cholesteatoma
  • Perforated eardrum
Inner ear and
central pathways
Common pathway
  • Labyrinthitis/Otitis interna
Equilibrioception
  • Vertigo/Balance disorder: peripheral
    • Ménière's disease
    • BPPV
    • Vestibular neuronitis
    • Perilymph fistula
  • central (Central positional nystagmus)
Hearing
Hearing impairment
  • Conductive hearing loss
    • Otosclerosis
    • Superior canal dehiscence
  • Sensorineural hearing loss
    • Presbycusis
    • Cortical deafness
  • Nonsyndromic deafness
Excessive response
  • Tinnitus
  • Hyperacusis/Phonophobia
Deafblindness
  • Wolfram syndrome
  • Usher syndrome
Other
  • Auditory processing disorder
  • Spatial hearing loss

M: EAR

anat (e/p)/phys/devp

noco/cong, epon

proc, drug (S2)
Inflammation
Acute
Plasma derived mediators Bradykinin · complement (C3, C5a, MAC) · coagulation (Factor XII, Plasmin, Thrombin)
Cell derived mediators preformed: Lysosome granules · vasoactive amines (Histamine, Serotonin)
synthesized on demand: cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1) · eicosanoids (Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandins) · Nitric oxide · Kinins
Chronic Macrophage · Epithelioid cell · Giant cell · Granuloma
Processes Traditional: Rubor · Calor · Tumor · Dolor (pain) · Functio laesa
Modern: Acute-phase reaction/Fever · Vasodilation · Increased vascular permeability · Exudate · Leukocyte extravasation · Chemotaxis
Specific locations
Nervous CNS (Encephalitis, Myelitis) · Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) · PNS (Neuritis) · eye (Dacryoadenitis, Scleritis, Episcleritis, Keratitis, Choroiditis, Retinitis, Chorioretinitis, Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Iritis, Uveitis) · ear (Otitis, Labyrinthitis, Mastoiditis)
Cardiovascular Carditis (Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis) · Vasculitis (Arteritis, Phlebitis, Capillaritis)
Respiratory upper (Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis) · lower (Tracheitis, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonitis, Pleuritis) · Mediastinitis
Digestive mouth (Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Gingivostomatitis, Glossitis, Tonsillitis, Sialadenitis/Parotitis, Cheilitis, Pulpitis, Gnathitis) · tract (Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Enteritis, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Duodenitis, Ileitis, Caecitis, Appendicitis, Proctitis) · accessory (Hepatitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Pancreatitis) · Peritonitis
Integumentary Dermatitis (Folliculitis) · Cellulitis · Hidradenitis
Musculoskeletal

Arthritis · Dermatomyositis · soft tissue (Myositis, Synovitis/Tenosynovitis, Bursitis, Enthesitis, Fasciitis, Capsulitis, Epicondylitis, Tendinitis, Panniculitis)

Osteochondritis: Osteitis (Spondylitis, Periostitis) · Chondritis
Urinary Nephritis (Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis) · Ureteritis · Cystitis · Urethritis
Reproductive

female: Oophoritis · Salpingitis · Endometritis · Parametritis · Cervicitis · Vaginitis · Vulvitis · Mastitis

male: Orchitis · Epididymitis · Prostatitis · Balanitis · Balanoposthitis

pregnancy/newborn: Chorioamnionitis · Omphalitis
Endocrine Insulitis · Hypophysitis · Thyroiditis · Parathyroiditis · Adrenalitis
Lymphatic Lymphangitis · Lymphadenitis