Outline of Biology - Organismal Biology

Organismal Biology

(also known as functional biology)

• Groups of living organisms
  • viruses : DNA viruses — RNA viruses — retroviruses
  • Single-cell organisms:
    • prokaryotes : microbe — bacteria — archaea
    • eukaryotes: fungi — algae — protozoa — protista
  • Multicellular organisms:
    • plantae — plants — bryophytes — pteridophytes — seed plants
    • animalia — animals — metazoa — insects — molluscs — vertebrates
    • fungi — lichen — mycorrhizae
• Developmental biology : gamete — spermatid — ovum — zygote — embryo — cellular differentiation — morphogenesis —homeobox
  • Animal development: stem cell — blastula — gastrula — egg (biology) — fetus — placenta
  • Plant development: seed — cotyledon — meristem — apical meristem — vascular cambium — cork cambium

• Morphology, anatomy and physiology:
  • Techniques: electrophysiology — electron microscopy
  • tissues — organ — senescence
  • Plant systems: root — shoot — stem — leaf — flower
    • vascular tissue — Casparian strip — turgor pressure — xylem — phloem — transpiration — wood
    • alternation of generations — gametophyte — antheridium — archegonium — sporophyte — spore — sporangium
    • tropism — taxis
  • Animal systems: skin cell
    • skeleton — bone — cartilage — joint — muscle — tendon — actin — myosin — reflex
    • circulatory system — respiration — lung — heart — artery — vein — capillary — blood — blood cell
    • digestive system — stomach — intestine — liver — nutrition — primary nutritional groups metabolism — kidney — excretion
    • nervous system: limbic system — vestibular system — neuron — axon — dendrite — brain — eye — vision — audition — proprioception — olfaction — memory
    • nerve signaling: action potential — signal transduction — synapse — receptor
    • endocrine system — hormone
    • reproductive system — testes — ovary — pregnancy

• Medicine:
  • Diseases: cancer — diabetes — obesity — hereditary disease — communicable disease
  • immune system: antibody — host — vaccine — immune cell — AIDS — T-cell — leucocyte
  • Drugs: antibiotic — barbiturate — SSRI
  • Techniques: MRI — Computed axial tomography — blood count