Permian - ICS Subdivisions

ICS Subdivisions

Official (ICS, 2004) Subdivisions of the Permian System, from most recent to most ancient rock layers are:

Upper Permian (Late Permian) or Lopingian, Tatarian, or Zechstein, epoch

• Changhsingian (Changxingian)
• Wuchiapingian (Wujiapingian)
• Others:
  • Waiitian (New Zealand)
  • Makabewan (New Zealand)
  • Ochoan (North American)

Middle Permian, or Guadalupian epoch

• Capitanian stage
• Wordian stage
• Roadian stage
• Others:
  • Kazanian or Maokovian (European)
  • Braxtonian stage (New Zealand)

Lower / Early Permian or Cisuralian epoch

• Kungurian (Irenian / Filippovian / Leonard) stage
• Artinskian (Baigendzinian / Aktastinian) stage
• Sakmarian (Sterlitamakian / Tastubian / Leonard / Wolfcamp) stage
• Asselian (Krumaian / Uskalikian / Surenian / Wolfcamp) stage
• Others:
  • Telfordian (New Zealand)
  • Mangapirian (New Zealand)