Qin (state) - Rulers

Rulers

List of Qin rulers based on the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian, with corrections by Han Zhaoqi:

Title Name Period of reign Relationship Notes
Feizi
非子
?–858 BC son of Daluo, fifth generation descendant of Elai enfeoffed at Qin by King Xiao of Zhou
Marquis of Qin
秦侯
857–848 BC son of Feizi noble title given by later generations
Gongbo
公伯
847–845 BC son of Marquis of Qin
Qin Zhong
秦仲
844–822 BC son of Gongbo
Duke Zhuang
秦莊公
821–778 BC son of Qin Zhong noble title given by later generations
Duke Xiang
秦襄公
777–766 BC son of Duke Zhuang first ruler to be granted nobility rank
Duke Wen
秦文公
765–716 BC son of Duke Xiang
Duke Xian
秦憲公
715–704 BC grandson of Duke Wen often mistakenly called Duke Ning (秦寧公)
Chuzi I
出子
Man
703–698 BC son of Duke Xian
Duke Wu
秦武公
697–678 BC son of Duke Xian
Duke De
秦德公
677–676 BC son of Duke Xian, younger brother of Duke Wu
Duke Xuan
秦宣公
675–664 BC son of Duke De
Duke Cheng
秦成公
663–660 BC son of Duke De, younger brother of Duke Xuan
Duke Mu
秦穆公
Renhao
任好
659–621 BC son of Duke De, younger brother of Duke Cheng
Duke Kang
秦康公
Ying
620–609 BC son of Duke Mu
Duke Gong
秦共公
Dao
608–604 BC son of Duke Kang
Duke Huan
秦桓公
Rong
603–577 BC son of Duke Gong
Duke Jing
秦景公
Shi
576–537 BC son of Duke Huan
Duke Ai
秦哀公
536–501 BC son of Duke Jing
Duke Hui I
秦惠公
500–492 BC grandson of Duke Ai
Duke Dao
秦悼公
491–477 BC son of Duke Hui I
Duke Ligong
秦厲龔公
476–443 BC son of Duke Dao
Duke Zao
秦躁公
442–429 BC son of Duke Li
Duke Huai
秦懷公
428–425 BC son of Duke Li, younger brother of Duke Zao
Duke Ling
秦靈公
424–415 BC grandson of Duke Huai alternative title Duke Suling (秦肅靈公)
Duke Jian
秦簡公
414–400 BC son of Duke Huai, uncle of Duke Ling
Duke Hui II
秦惠公
399–387 BC son of Duke Jian
Chuzi II
出子
386–385 BC son of Duke Hui II alternative titles Duke Chu (秦出公), Shaozhu (秦少主), and Xiaozhu (秦小主)
Duke Xian
秦獻公
Shixi or Lian
師隰 or 連
384–362 BC son of Duke Ling alternative titles Duke Yuanxian (秦元獻公) and King Yuan (秦元王)
Duke Xiao
秦孝公
Quliang
渠梁
361–338 BC son of Duke Xian alternative title King Ping (秦平王)
King Huiwen
秦惠文王
Si
337–311 BC son of Duke Xiao alternative title King Hui (惠王); first Qin ruler to adopt the title of "King" in 325 BC
King Wu
秦武王
Dang
310–307 BC son of King Huiwen alternative titles King Daowu (秦悼武王) and King Wulie (秦武烈王)
King Zhaoxiang
秦昭襄王
Ze or Ji
则 or 稷
306–251 BC son of King Huiwen, younger brother of King Wu alternative title King Zhao (昭王)
King Xiaowen
秦孝文王
Zhu
250 BC son of King Zhaoxiang known as Lord Anguo (安國君) before becoming king
King Zhuangxiang
秦荘襄王
Zichu
子楚
250–247 BC son of King Xiaowen alternative title King Zhuang (秦荘王); original name Yiren (異人)
First Emperor
秦始皇
Zheng
246–210 BC son of King Zhuangxiang King of Qin until 221 BC; First Emperor of Qin Dynasty from 221 BC

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    I walk toward one of our ponds; but what signifies the beauty of nature when men are base? We walk to lakes to see our serenity reflected in them; when we are not serene, we go not to them. Who can be serene in a country where both the rulers and the ruled are without principle? The remembrance of my country spoils my walk. My thoughts are murder to the State, and involuntarily go plotting against her.
    Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)

    No matter what one says, you can recognize only those matters that are equal to you. Only rulers who possess extraordinary abilities will recognize and esteem properly extraordinary abilities in their subjects and servants.
    Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe (1749–1832)

    To the rulers of the state then, if to any, it belongs of right to use falsehood, to deceive either enemies or their own citizens, for the good of the state: and no one else may meddle with this privilege.
    Plato (c. 427–347 B.C.)