List of Recipients
| Year | Name | Field | Rationale |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1826 | Ivory, JamesJames Ivory | Mathematics | "For his Paper on Astronomical Refractions, published in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1823; and his other valuable Papers on Mathematical Subjects." |
| Dalton, JohnJohn Dalton | Physics | "For his development of the Atomic Theory and his other important labours and discoveries in Physical Science." | |
| 1827 | Struve, Friedrich Georg WilhelmFriedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve | Astronomy | "For his Work, entitled, Catalogus Novus Stellarum Duplicium." |
| Davy, HumphryHumphry Davy | Physics | "For his Bakerian Lecture, On the Relations of Electrical Changes, considered as the last link, in the order of time, of the splendid chain of Discoveries in Chemical Electricity, which has been continued for so many years of his valuable life." | |
| 1828 | Encke, Johann FranzJohann Franz Encke | Astronomy | "For his Accurate Determination of the Orbit of a Comet of short period, as confirmed by observation." |
| Wollaston, William HydeWilliam Hyde Wollaston | Chemistry | "For his communication, entitled, On a method of rendering Platina malleable, being the conclusion of a series of researches on the properties of the Metallic Bodies contained in the Ores of Platina." | |
| 1829 | Bell, CharlesCharles Bell | Anatomy | "For his Discoveries relating to the Nervous System." |
| Mitscherlich, EilhardEilhard Mitscherlich | Chemistry | "For his Discoveries relating to the Laws of Crystallization, and the Properties of Crystals." | |
| 1830 | Balard, Antoine JeromeAntoine Jerome Balard | Chemistry | "For his Discovery of Brome." |
| Brewster, DavidDavid Brewster | Physics | "For his Communications to the Royal Society on the Polarization and other Properties of Light." | |
| 1831 | No award | ||
| 1832 | No award | ||
| 1833 | Candolle, Augustin Pyramus deAugustin Pyramus de Candolle | Botany | "For his Researches and Investigations in Vegetable Physiology, as detailed in his Work, entitled, Physiologie Vegetale." |
| Herschel, JohnJohn Herschel | Astronomy | "For his Paper "on the Investigation of the Orbits of Revolving Double Stars," inserted in the Fifth Volume of the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society." | |
| 1834 | Lyell, CharlesCharles Lyell | Geology | "For his Work, entitled, Principles of Geology." |
| Lubbock, John WilliamJohn William Lubbock | Physics | "For his Papers on the Tides published in the Philosophical Transactions." | |
| 1835 | Faraday, MichaelMichael Faraday | Chemistry | "For his investigations and discoveries contained in the series of experimental researches in electricity published in the Philosophical Transactions, and more particularly for the seventh series, relating to the definite nature of electrochemical action." |
| Hamilton, William RowanWilliam Rowan Hamilton | Physics | "For the papers published by him in the 16th and 17th volumes of the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, entitled Supplement to an Essay on the Theory of Systems of Rays, and more particularly for those investigations at the conclusion of the third and last supplement, which relate to the discovery of conic refraction." | |
| 1836 | Newport, GeorgeGeorge Newport | Anatomy | "For his series of investigations on the anatomy and physiology of insects, contained in his two papers published in the Philosophical Transactions within the last three years." |
| Herschel, JohnJohn Herschel | Astronomy | "For his paper on nebulae and clusters of stars, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1833." | |
| 1837 | Whewell, WilliamWilliam Whewell | Physics | "For his researches connected with the theory of the tides, communicated to the Royal Society and published in its Transactions within the last three years." |
| 1838 | Talbot, William FoxWilliam Fox Talbot | Mathematics | "For his papers entitled Researches in the Integral Calculus, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1836 and 1837." |
| Graham, ThomasThomas Graham | Chemistry | "For his paper entitled "Inquiries respecting the Constiitution of salts, of oxalates, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates and chlorides," published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1836." | |
| 1839 | Ivory, JamesJames Ivory | Mathematics | "For his paper on the theory of the astronomical refractions published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1838. Part II." |
| Barry, MartinMartin Barry | Embryology | "For his papers on embryology, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1838 and 1839." | |
| 1840 | Wheatstone, CharlesCharles Wheatstone | Physiology | "For his paper entitled Contributions to the physiology of vision, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1838." |
| Herschel, JohnJohn Herschel | Astronomy | "For his paper entitled On the chemical action of the rays of the solar spectrum on preparations of silver, and other substances, both metallic and non-metallic, and on some photogenic processes, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1840." | |
| 1841 | Hodgkinson, EatonEaton Hodgkinson | Engineering | "For his paper entitled Experimental researches on the strength of pillars of cast iron, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1840." |
| Kane, RobertRobert Kane | Chemistry | "For his memoir entitled the Chemical History of archil and litmus, published in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1840." | |
| 1842 | Daniell, John FredericJohn Frederic Daniell | Chemistry | "For his letters on the electrolysis of secondary compounds and on voltaic combinations published in the Transactions for 1840 and 1842." |
| Bowman, WilliamWilliam Bowman | Anatomy | "For his paper on the structure and use of the Malpighian bodies of the kidney, with observations on the circulation through that gland, published in the Philosophical Transactions of the present year." | |
| 1843 | Wheatstone, CharlesCharles Wheatstone | Physics | "For his paper entitled, an account of several new instruments and processes for determining the constants of a voltaic circuit, printed in the Philosophical Transactions for the present year." |
| Forbes, James DavidJames David Forbes | Physics | "For his researches on the law of extinction of the solar rays in passing through the atmosphere, contained in a paper published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1842." | |
| 1844 | Boole, GeorgeGeorge Boole | Mathematics | "For his paper on a general method in analysis, published in the Philosophical Transactions of the present year." |
| Andrews, ThomasThomas Andrews | Chemistry | " For his paper on the thermal changes accompanying basic substitutions, published in the Philosophical Transactions of the present year." | |
| 1845 | Airy, George BiddellGeorge Biddell Airy | Astronomy | "For his paper on the laws of the tides on the coast of Ireland, as inferred from an extensive series of observations made in connection with the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, published in the Philosophical Transactions for the present year." |
| Beck, Thomas SnowThomas Snow Beck | Medicine | "For his paper entitled On the nerves of the uterus, which has been ordered for publication in the Philosophical Transactions." | |
| 1846 | Faraday, MichaelMichael Faraday | Physics | "For his experimental researches in electricity, twentieth and twenty first series, on new magnetic actions, and on the magnetic conditions of all matter, inserted in the Philosophical Transactions part I. for 1845." |
| Owen, RichardRichard Owen | Biology | "For his paper entitled A description of certain Belemnites preserved with a great proportion of their soft parts in the Oxford clay at Christian-Malford, Wilts, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1844." | |
| 1847 | Fownes, GeorgeGeorge Fownes | Chemistry | "For his papers published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1845, on the artificial formation of a vegeto-alkali, and on benzoline, published in the same volume of the Transactions" |
| Grove, William RobertWilliam Robert Grove | Physics | "For his papers published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1845 and 1847, on the gas voltaic battery, and on certain phenomena of voltaic ignition" | |
| 1848 | Hargreave, Charles JamesCharles James Hargreave | Mathematics | "For his paper on the solution of linear differential equations, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1848." |
| Galloway, ThomasThomas Galloway | Mathematics | "For his paper on the proper motion of the Solar System, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1847" | |
| 1849 | Sabine, EdwardEdward Sabine | Astronomy | "For his contributions to terrestrial magnetism, published in the Philosophical Transactions parts VII and VIII, and his memoir on the diurnal variation of the magnetic declination at Saint Helena, part I." |
| Mantell, GideonGideon Mantell | Geology | "For his paper on the Iguanodon, published in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1848, being a continuation of a series of papers by him on the same fossil reptile, by which he has rendered eminent services to geology." | |
| 1850 | Brodie, BenjaminBenjamin Brodie | Chemistry | "For his investigations on the chemical nature of wax, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1848 and 1849." |
| Graham, ThomasThomas Graham | Chemistry | "For his paper on the motion of gases, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1849." | |
| 1851 | Parsons, WilliamWilliam Parsons | Astronomy | "For his observations on the nebulae published in the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1850." |
| Newport, GeorgeGeorge Newport | Entomology | "For his paper on the impregnation of the ovum in the amphibia (first series), published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1851." | |
| 1852 | Joule, James PrescottJames Prescott Joule | Physics | "For his paper on the mechanical equivalent of heat, printed in the Philosophical Transactions for 1850." |
| Huxley, Thomas HenryThomas Henry Huxley | Biology | "For his papers on the anatomy and the affinities of the family of the Medusae, printed in the Philosophical Transactions." | |
| 1853 | Darwin, CharlesCharles Darwin | Natural history | "For his work entitled Geological Observations on Coral Reefs, Volcanic Islands, and on South America, and his work, Fossil Circhipeda of Great Britain, Section Lepadidae, Monograph of the Circhipeda." |
| Tyndall, JohnJohn Tyndall | Physics | "For his paper on diamagnetism and magne-crystallic action, published in the Philosophical Magazine in 1851. (the award of this medal was declined by Dr Tyndall)" | |
| 1854 | Hofmann, August Wilhelm vonAugust Wilhelm von Hofmann | Chemistry | "For his researches in organic chemistry published in the Transactions of the Royal and Chemical Societies." |
| Hooker, Joseph DaltonJoseph Dalton Hooker | Botany | "For his researches in various branches of science, especially in botany, as naturalist of the Antarctic expedition of Sir James Ross, and in an expedition to the eastern part of the Himalayan range; of which researches part has been published in works entitled The Antarctic Flora, and the Flora of New Zealand, and in various other communications, and part is now in course of publication." | |
| 1855 | Westwood, John ObadiahJohn Obadiah Westwood | Entomology | "For his various monographs and papers on entomology." |
| Hind, John RussellJohn Russell Hind | Astronomy | "For the discovery of ten planetoids, the computation of their orbits, and various other astronomical discoveries." | |
| 1856 | Richardson, JohnJohn Richardson | Natural history | "For his contributions to natural history and physical geography." |
| Thomson, WilliamWilliam Thomson | Physics | "For his various chemical researches relating to electricity, to the motive power of heat, and to other subjects." | |
| 1857 | Frankland, EdwardEdward Frankland | Chemistry | "For the isolation of the organic radicals of the alcohols, and for his researches on the metallic derivatives of alcohol." |
| Lindley, JohnJohn Lindley | Botany | "For his numerous researches and works on all branches of scientific botany, and especially for his vegetable kingdom, and his genera & species of Orchideae." | |
| 1858 | Hancock, AlbanyAlbany Hancock | Biology | "For his various researches on the anatomy of the mollusca." |
| Lassell, WilliamWilliam Lassell | Astronomy | "For his various astronomical discoveries and researches." | |
| 1859 | Cayley, ArthurArthur Cayley | Mathematics | "For his mathematical papers published in the Philosophical Transactions, and in various English and foreign journals." |
| Bentham, GeorgeGeorge Bentham | Botany | "For his important contributions to the advancement of systematic and descriptive botany." | |
| 1860 | Waller, Augustus VolneyAugustus Volney Waller | Neurophysiology | "For his investigations into the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, and for the introduction of a valuable method of conducting such investigations." |
| Fairbairn, WilliamWilliam Fairbairn | Structural engineering | "For his various experimental inquiries on the properties of the materials employed in mechanical construction, contained in the Philosophical transactions, and in the publications of other scientific societies." | |
| 1861 | Sylvester, James JosephJames Joseph Sylvester | Mathematics | "For his various memoirs and researches in mathematical science." |
| Carpenter, William BenjaminWilliam Benjamin Carpenter | Physiology | "For his researches on the Foraminifera, contained in four memoirs in the Philosophical Transactions, his investigations into the structure of shell, his observations on the embryonic development of Purpura, and his various other writings in physiology and comparative anatomy" | |
| 1862 | Williamson, Alexander WilliamAlexander William Williamson | Chemistry | "For his researches on the compound ethers, and his subsequent communications in organic chemistry." |
| Robinson, John Thomas RomneyJohn Thomas Romney Robinson | Astronomy | "For the Armagh catalogue of 5345 stars, deduced from observations made at the Armagh Observatory, from the years 1820 up to 1854; for his papers on the construction of astronomical instruments in the memoirs of the Astronomical Society, and his paper on electromagnets in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy." | |
| 1863 | Gassiot, John PeterJohn Peter Gassiot | Physics | "For his researches on the voltaic battery and current, and on the discharge of electricity through attenuated media." |
| Berkeley, MilesMiles Berkeley | Botany | "For his researches in cryptogamic botany, especially mycology." | |
| 1864 | Clarke, Jacob LockhartJacob Lockhart Clarke | Anatomy | "For his researches on the intimate structure of the spinal cord and brain, and on the development of the spinal cord, published in five memoirs in the Philosophical Transactions and in other writings." |
| Rue, Warren De LaWarren De La Rue | Astronomy | "For his observations on the total eclipse of the Sun of 1860, and for his improvements in astronomical photography." | |
| 1865 | Smith, ArchibaldArchibald Smith | Mathematics | "For his papers in the Philosophical Transactions and elsewhere, on the magnetism of ships." |
| Prestwich, JosephJoseph Prestwich | Geology | "For his numerous & valuable contributions to geological science and more especially for his papers published in the Philosophical Transactions on the general question of the excavation of river valleys, and on the superficial deposits in France and England in which the works of man are associated with the remains of extinct animals." | |
| 1866 | Huggins, WilliamWilliam Huggins | Astronomy | "For his researches on the spectra of some of the chemical elements and on the spectra of certain of the heavenly bodies; and especially for his researches on the spectra of the nebulae, published in the Philosophical Transactions." |
| Parker, William KitchenWilliam Kitchen Parker | Anatomy | "For his researches in comparative osteology, and more especially on the anatomy of the skull, as contained in papers published in the Transactions of the Zoological Society and the Philosophical Transactions." | |
| 1867 | Lawes, John BennetJohn Bennet Lawes and Joseph Henry Gilbert | Chemistry | "For their researches in agricultural chemistry." |
| Logan, William EdmondWilliam Edmond Logan | Geology | "For his geological researches in Canada, and the construction of a geological map of that colony." | |
| 1868 | Wallace, Alfred RusselAlfred Russel Wallace | Zoology | "For his labours in practical and theoretical zoology." |
| Salmon, GeorgeGeorge Salmon | Mathematics | "For his researches in analytical geometry and the theory of surfaces, published in the Philosophical Transactions, the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, and the Quarterly Journal of Mathematics." | |
| 1869 | Matthiessen, AugustusAugustus Matthiessen | Chemistry | "For his researches on the electrical and other physical properties of metals and their alloys." |
| Maclear, ThomasThomas Maclear | Astronomy | "For his measurement of an arc of the meridian at the Cape of Good Hope." | |
| 1870 | Davidson, ThomasThomas Davidson | Paleontology | "For his works on the recent and fossil Brachiopoda, more especially his series of monographs in the publications of the Palaeontographical Society." |
| Miller, William HallowesWilliam Hallowes Miller | Mineralogy | "For his researches and writings on mineralogy and crystallography, and his scientific labours in the restoration of the National Standard of Weight." | |
| 1871 | Busk, GeorgeGeorge Busk | Zoology | "For his researches in zoology, physiology, and comparative anatomy." |
| Stenhouse, JohnJohn Stenhouse | Chemistry | "For his researches on the lichens & their proximate constituents and derivatives, including Erythrite; and for his researches on the action of charcoal in purifying air." | |
| 1872 | Carter, Henry JohnHenry John Carter | Zoology | "For his long continued and valuable researches in zoology, and more especially for his inquiries into the natural history of the Spongiadae." |
| Anderson, ThomasThomas Anderson | Chemistry | "For his investigations on the organic bases of Dippells animal oil; on codeine; on the crystallized constituents of opium; on piperin and on papaverin; and for his researches in physiological and animal chemistry." | |
| 1873 | Allman, George JamesGeorge James Allman | Zoology | "For his researches in zoology, and especially for his memoirs on the structure, development, and physiology of the gymnoblastic hydroids." |
| Roscoe, Henry EnfieldHenry Enfield Roscoe | Chemistry | "For his various chemical investigations, especially fot those on the chemical action of light, and upon the element Vanadium and its combinations." | |
| 1874 | Sorby, Henry CliftonHenry Clifton Sorby | Geology | "For his researches on Slaty cleavage and on the minute structure of minerals and rocks; for the construction of the microspectroscope, and for his researches on colouring matters." |
| Williamson, William CrawfordWilliam Crawford Williamson | Paleontology | "For his contributions to zoology & palaeontology, & especially for his investigations into the structure of the fossil plants of the coal measures." | |
| 1875 | Oldham, ThomasThomas Oldham | Geology | "For his long & important services in the science of geology, first as Professor of Geology, Trin. Col. Dub. And Director of the Geol. Survey of Ireland & chiefly for the great work which he has long conducted as superintendent of the Geol. Survey of India, also for the series of volumes of geological reports and memoirs, including the Palaeontographica Indica published under his direction." |
| Crookes, WilliamWilliam Crookes | Chemistry | "For his various chemical and physical researches, more especially for his discovery of thallium, his investigation of its compounds and determination of its atomic weight; and for his discovery of the repulsion referable to radiation." | |
| 1876 | Thomson, Charles WyvilleCharles Wyville Thomson | Zoology | "For his successful direction of the scientific investigations carried on by HMS Challenger." |
| Froude, WilliamWilliam Froude | Hydrodynamics | "For his researches both theoretical and experimental on the behaviour of ships, their oscillations, their resistance, & propulsion." | |
| 1877 | Abel, Frederick AugustusFrederick Augustus Abel | Chemistry | "For his physico-chemical researches on gun cotton & explosive agents." |
| Heer, OswaldOswald Heer | Natural History | "For his numerous researches & writings on the tertiary plants of Europe, of the North Atlantic, North Asia, and North America, and for his able generalizations respecting their affinities, and their geological & climatic relations." | |
| 1878 | Gunther, AlbertAlbert Gunther | Zoology | "For his numerous & valuable contributions to the zoology & anatomy of fishes & reptiles." |
| Broun, John AllanJohn Allan Broun | Meteorology | "For his investigations during thirty five years in magnetism and meteorology & for his improvements in methods of observation." | |
| 1879 | Ramsay, Andrew CrombieAndrew Crombie Ramsay | Geology | "For his long continued & successful labours in geology and physical geography." |
| Perkin, William HenryWilliam Henry Perkin | Chemistry | "For his synthetical & other researches in organic chemistry." | |
| 1880 | Noble, AndrewAndrew Noble | Physics | "For his researches into the action of explosives; his invention of the chronoscope; and other mathematical & physical inquiries." |
| Lister, JosephJoseph Lister | Surgery | "For his contributions on various physiological & biological subjects published in the Philosophical Transactions & Proceedings of the Royal Society & elsewhere; and for his labours practical and theoretical, on questions relating to the antiseptic system of treatment in surgery." | |
| 1881 | Jellett, John HewittJohn Hewitt Jellett | Mathematics | "For his various mathematical & physical papers, more especially for his researches in chemical optics, & his invention of the new and delicate analyser by which they were carried out." |
| Balfour, Francis MaitlandFrancis Maitland Balfour | Biology | "For his numerous and important contributions to animal morphology; and more especially for his investigations respecting the origin of the urogenital organs and the cerebrospinal nerves of the Vertebrata; and for his work on the development of the Elasmobranch fishes." | |
| 1882 | Strutt, JohnJohn Strutt | Physics | "For his various papers in mathematical and experimental physics." |
| Flower, William HenryWilliam Henry Flower | Biology | "For his valuable contributions to the morphology and classification of the Mammalia and to anthropology." | |
| 1883 | Hirst, Thomas ArcherThomas Archer Hirst | Mathematics | "For his researches in pure mathematics." |
| Burdon-Sanderson, John ScottJohn Scott Burdon-Sanderson | Physiology | "For the eminent services which he has rendered to physiology and pathology, especially for his investigation of the relations of micro-organisms to disease, and his researches on the electric phenomena of plants." | |
| 1884 | Darwin, GeorgeGeorge Darwin | Mathematics | "For his mathematical investigations on the rigidity of the Earth, and on tides." |
| Oliver, DanielDaniel Oliver | Botany | "For his investigations in the classification of plants, and for the great services which he has rendered to taxonomic botany." | |
| 1885 | Hughes, David EdwardDavid Edward Hughes | Electrical engineering | "For his electric and magnetic researches, and his invention of the microphone & the induction balance." |
| Lankester, RayRay Lankester | Zoology | "For his discoveries concerning the embryology and morphology of the mollusca and his services to embryology & animal morphology in general." | |
| 1886 | Tait, Peter GuthriePeter Guthrie Tait | Physics | "For his various mathematical and physical researches." |
| Galton, FrancisFrancis Galton | Biology | "For his statistical inquiries into biological phenomena." | |
| 1887 | Clarke, Alexander RossAlexander Ross Clarke | Geodesy | "For his comparison of standards of length and determination of the figure of the Earth." |
| Moseley, Henry NottidgeHenry Nottidge Moseley | Natural history | "For his numerous researches in animal morphology, and especially his investigations." | |
| 1888 | Reynolds, OsborneOsborne Reynolds | Physics | "For his investigations in mathematical & experimental physics, and on the application of scientific theory to engineering." |
| Mueller, Ferdinand vonFerdinand von Mueller | Geography | "For his long services in Australian exploration and for his investigations of the flora of the Australian continent." | |
| 1889 | Thorpe, Thomas EdwardThomas Edward Thorpe | Chemistry | "For his researches on fluorine compounds, and his determination of the atomic weights of titanium and gold." |
| Gaskell, Walter HolbrookWalter Holbrook Gaskell | Physiology | "For his researches in cardiac physiology and his important discoveries in the anatomy and physiology of the sympathetic nervous system." | |
| 1890 | Hopkinson, JohnJohn Hopkinson | Physics | "For his researches in magnetism and electricity." |
| Ferrier, DavidDavid Ferrier | Neurology | "For his researches on the localisation of cerebral functions." | |
| 1891 | Rucker, Arthur WilliamArthur William Rucker | Physics | "For his researches on liquid films, and his contributions to our knowledge of terrestrial magnetism." |
| Lapworth, CharlesCharles Lapworth | Geology | "For his researches among the older rocks of Britain." | |
| 1892 | Pritchard, CharlesCharles Pritchard | Astronomy | "For his work on photometry and stellar parallax." |
| Langley, John NewportJohn Newport Langley | Physiology | "For his work on secreting glands, and on the nervous system." | |
| 1893 | Ward, Harry MarshallHarry Marshall Ward | Botany | "For his researches into the life-history of fungi and schizomycetes." |
| Schuster, ArthurArthur Schuster | Botany | "For his spectroscopic inquiries, and his researches on disruptive discharge through gases and on terrestrial magnetism." | |
| 1894 | Thomson, Joseph JohnJoseph John Thomson | Physics | "For his contributions to mathematical and experimental physics especially to electrical theory." |
| Horsley, VictorVictor Horsley | Physiology | "For his investigations relating to the physiology of the nervous system, and of the thyroid gland, and to their applications to the treatment of disease." | |
| 1895 | Murray, JohnJohn Murray | Oceanography | "For his services to biological science and oceanography in connection with the "Challenger" reports, and for his original contributions to the same." |
| Ewing, James AlfredJames Alfred Ewing | Physics | "For his investigations on magnetic induction in iron and other metals. | |
| 1896 | Geikie, ArchibaldArchibald Geikie | Geology | "For his many original contributions to geology especially those upon the Old Red Sandstone of Western Europe." |
| Boys, Charles VernonCharles Vernon Boys | Physics | "For his invention of Quartz Fibres and investigation of their properties, his improvement of the radio-micrometer and investigations with it, for developments in the art of instantaneous photography, and for his determination of the value of the constant of attraction." | |
| 1897 | Strachey, RichardRichard Strachey | Geology | "For his researches in geographical, meteorological, and botanical science." |
| Forsyth, AndrewAndrew Forsyth | Mathematics | "For his contributions to the progress of pure mathematics, and especially for his work in differential equations and the theory of functions." | |
| 1898 | Kerr, JohnJohn Kerr | Physics | "For his researches on the optical effect of electrical stress and on the reflection of light at the surface of a magnetised body." |
| Gardiner, WalterWalter Gardiner | Botany | "For his researches on the protoplasmic connection of the cells of vegetable tissues and on the minute histology of plants." | |
| 1899 | McIntosh, William CarmichaelWilliam Carmichael McIntosh | Marine biology | "For his important monographs on British marine zoology and on the fishing industries." |
| Fitzgerald, George FrancisGeorge Francis Fitzgerald | Physics | "For his contributions to physical science, especially in the domains of optics and electricity." | |
| 1900 | Newton, AlfredAlfred Newton | Ornithology | "For his eminent contributions to the science of ornithology and the geographical distribution of animals." |
| MacMahon, Percy AlexanderPercy Alexander MacMahon | Mathematics | "For the number and range of his contributions to mathematical science" | |
| 1901 | Ayrton, William EdwardWilliam Edward Ayrton | Electrical engineering | "For his contributions to electrical science." |
| Blanford, William ThomasWilliam Thomas Blanford | Geology | "For his work in connection with the geographical distribution of animals" | |
| 1902 | Schafer, Edward AlbertEdward Albert Schafer | Neurology | "For his researches into the functions and minute structure of the Central Nervous System, especially with regard to the motor and sensory functions of the cortex of the brain." |
| Lamb, HoraceHorace Lamb | Applied mathematics | "For his investigations in mathematical physics." | |
| 1903 | Gill, DavidDavid Gill | Astronomy | "For his researches in solar and stellar parallax, and his energetic direction of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope." |
| Brown, Horace TabbererHorace Tabberer Brown | Chemistry | "For his work on the chemistry of the carbohydrates and on the assimilation of carbonic acid by green plants." | |
| 1904 | Bruce, DavidDavid Bruce | Microbiology | "For his valuable researches in the pathology of Malta fever, nagana, and sleeping sickness, and especially for his discoveries as regards the exact causes of these diseases." |
| Burnside, WilliamWilliam Burnside | Mathematics | "For his researches in mathematics, particularly in the theory of groups." | |
| 1905 | Sherrington, Charles ScottCharles Scott Sherrington | Neurophysiology | "For his researches on the Central Nervous System especially in relation to reflex action." |
| Poynting, John HenryJohn Henry Poynting | Physics | " For his researches in physical science, especially in connection with the constant of gravitation and the theories of electrodynamics and radiation." | |
| 1906 | Greenhill, Alfred GeorgeAlfred George Greenhill | Mathematics | "For his contributions to mathematics, especially the elliptic functions and their applications." |
| Scott, Dukinfield HenryDukinfield Henry Scott | Botany | "For his investigations and discoveries in connection with the structure and relationship of fossil plants." | |
| 1907 | Hobson, Ernest WilliamErnest William Hobson | Mathematics | "On the ground of his investigations in mathematics." |
| Traquair, Ramsay HeatleyRamsay Heatley Traquair | Natural history | "On the ground of his discoveries relating to fossil fishes." | |
| 1908 | Head, HenryHenry Head | Neurology | "On the ground of his researches on the relations between the visceral & somatic nerves and on the functions of the different nerves." |
| Milne, JohnJohn Milne | Geology | "On the ground of his work in seismology." | |
| 1909 | Love, AugustusAugustus Love | Mathematics | "On the ground of his researches in the theory of elasticity and cognate subjects." |
| Ross, RonaldRonald Ross | Medicine | "On the ground of his researches in connection with malaria." | |
| 1910 | Bower, Frederick OrpenFrederick Orpen Bower | Botany | "On the ground of his treatise on the origin of a land flora." |
| Joly, JohnJohn Joly | Geology | "On the ground of researches in physics and geology." | |
| 1911 | Chrystal, GeorgeGeorge Chrystal | Mathematics | "On the ground of his work in mathematics and physics." |
| Bayliss, William MaddockWilliam Maddock Bayliss | Physiology | "On the ground of his researches in physiology." | |
| 1912 | Smith, Grafton ElliotGrafton Elliot Smith | Anatomy | no rationale given |
| Hicks, William MitchinsonWilliam Mitchinson Hicks | Physics | "On the ground of his researches in mathematical physics." | |
| 1913 | Starling, Ernest HenryErnest Henry Starling | Physiology | "On the ground of his contributions to the advancement of physiology." |
| Dixon, Harold BailyHarold Baily Dixon | Chemistry | "On the ground of his eminence in physical chemistry, especially in connexion with explosions in gases." | |
| 1914 | Brown, Ernest WilliamErnest William Brown | Astronomy | "For investigations in astronomy, chiefly in the lunar theory." |
| Sollas, William JohnsonWilliam Johnson Sollas | Geology | "For researches in palaeontology." | |
| 1915 | Larmor, JosephJoseph Larmor | Mathematics | "On the ground of his numerous and important contributions to mathematical and physical science." |
| Rivers, William Halse RiversWilliam Halse Rivers Rivers | Ethnology | "On the ground of his important contributions to ethnography and ethnology." | |
| 1916 | Macdonald, Hector MunroHector Munro Macdonald | Mathematics | "For his contributions to mathematical physics." |
| Haldane, John ScottJohn Scott Haldane | Physiology | "For his distinguished services to chemical physiology, more especially in reference to the chemical changes in respiration." | |
| 1917 | Woodward, Arthur SmithArthur Smith Woodward | Palaeontology | "On the ground of his researches in vertebrate palaeontology." |
| Aitken, JohnJohn Aitken | Meteorology | "On the ground of his work on cloudy condensations." | |
| 1918 | Fowler, AlfredAlfred Fowler | Astronomy | "For his distinguished researches in physical astronomy and spectroscopy." |
| Hopkins, Frederick GowlandFrederick Gowland Hopkins | Biochemistry | "On the ground of his researches in chemical physiology." | |
| 1919 | Jeans, James HopwoodJames Hopwood Jeans | Mathematics | "On the ground of his researches in applied mathematics." |
| Farmer, John BretlandJohn Bretland Farmer | Botany | "On the ground of his notable work on plant and animal cytology." | |
| 1920 | Hardy, Godfrey HaroldGodfrey Harold Hardy | Mathematics | "On the ground of his researches in pure mathematics." |
| Bateson, WilliamWilliam Bateson | Genetics | "On the ground of his contributions to biological science, and especially his studies in genetics." | |
| 1921 | Dyson, Frank WatsonFrank Watson Dyson | Astronomy | "For his researches on the distribution and movement of the stars." |
| Blackman, FrederickFrederick Blackman | Botany | "For his researches on the gaseous exchange in plants & on the operation of limiting factors." | |
| 1922 | Wilson, Charles Thomson ReesCharles Thomson Rees Wilson | Meteorology | "For his researches on condensation nuclei and atmospheric electricity." |
| Barcroft, JosephJoseph Barcroft | Physiology | "For his researches in physiology and especially for his work in connection with respiration." | |
| 1923 | Martin, Charles JamesCharles James Martin | Physiology | "For his researches on animal metabolism" |
| Shaw, NapierNapier Shaw | Meteorology | "For his researches in meteorological science" | |
| 1924 | Clerk, DugaldDugald Clerk | Engineering | "For his application of scientific principles to engineering problems." |
| Dale, Henry HallettHenry Hallett Dale | Pharmacology | "For his researches in pharmacology and physiology." | |
| 1925 | Seward, Albert CharlesAlbert Charles Seward | Botany | "For his researches on the palaeobotany of Gondwanaland." |
| Perkin, Jr., William HenryWilliam Henry Perkin, Jr. | Organic chemistry | "For his work on the constitution of the alkaloids carried out during the past few years." | |
| 1926 | Hill, Archibald VivianArchibald Vivian Hill | Physiology | "For his distinguished work on the physical and chemical aspects of muscular contraction." |
| Hardy, William BateWilliam Bate Hardy | Biochemistry | "For his pioneer work on colloidal chemistry and the theory of lubrication." | |
| 1927 | McLennan, John CunninghamJohn Cunningham McLennan | Physics | " For his researches in spectroscopy and atomic physics." |
| Lewis, ThomasThomas Lewis | Cardiology | "For his researches on the vascular system, following upon his earlier work on the mammalian heart-beat." | |
| 1928 | Eddington, Arthur StanleyArthur Stanley Eddington | Astrophysics | "For his contributions to astrophysics." |
| Broom, RobertRobert Broom | Palaeontology | "For his discoveries which have shed new light on the problem of the origin of mammals." | |
| 1929 | Littlewood, John EdensorJohn Edensor Littlewood | Mathematics | "For his work on mathematical analysis and the theory of prime numbers." |
| Muir, RobertRobert Muir | Pathology | "For his contributions to the science of immunology." | |
| 1930 | Marr, John EdwardJohn Edward Marr | Geology | "For his pioneer work in the accurate zoning of the palaeozoic rocks." |
| Richardson, Owen WillansOwen Willans Richardson | Physics | "For his work on thermionics and spectroscopy." | |
| 1931 | Glazebrook, RichardRichard Glazebrook | Physics | "For his distinguished work in experimental physics." |
| Lang, William HenryWilliam Henry Lang | Botany | "For his work on the anatomy and morphology of the fern-like fossils of the Old Red Sandstone." | |
| 1932 | Mellanby, EdwardEdward Mellanby | Pharmacology | "For his important researches on dietary factors, particularly in connexion with rickets." |
| Robinson, RobertRobert Robinson | Chemistry | "For his work in many branches of organic chemistry, especially on the structure of plant products and their phytochemical synthesis." | |
| 1933 | Taylor, Geoffrey IngramGeoffrey Ingram Taylor | Physics | "For his mathematical work in physics, geophysics and aerodynamics." |
| Laidlaw, Patrick PlayfairPatrick Playfair Laidlaw | Virology | "For his work on diseases due to viruses, including that on the cause and prevention of distemper in dogs." | |
| 1934 | Adrian, Edgar DouglasEdgar Douglas Adrian | Electrophysiology | "For his work on the physiology of nerve and its application to the problems of sensation." |
| Chapman, SydneySydney Chapman | Geophysics | "For his researches in the kinetic theory of gases, in terrestrial magnetism and in the phenomena of the upper atmosphere." | |
| 1935 | Harker, AlfredAlfred Harker | Petrology | "In recognition of his distinguished work and influence as a petrologist." |
| Darwin, Charles GaltonCharles Galton Darwin | Physics | "For his researches in mathematical physics, especially in the quantum mechanics of the electron and in optics." | |
| 1936 | Goodrich, Edwin StephenEdwin Stephen Goodrich | Zoology | "For his work on the morphology of the excretory organs of the invertebrate and for his work on the comparative anatomy and embryology of the vertebrata." |
| Fowler, Ralph HowardRalph Howard Fowler | Physics | "For his work on statistical mechanics and allied departments of modern mathematical physics." | |
| 1937 | Buller, Arthur Henry ReginaldArthur Henry Reginald Buller | Biology | "In recognition of his researches on the general biology and sexuality of the fungi." |
| Sidgwick, Nevil VincentNevil Vincent Sidgwick | Chemistry | "In recognition of his distinguished work on valency and on molecular structure." | |
| 1938 | Aston, Francis WilliamFrancis William Aston | Physics | "For his discovery of the isotopes of non-radioactive elements." |
| Fisher, Ronald AylmerRonald Aylmer Fisher | Statistics | "For his important contributions to the theory and practice of statistical methods." | |
| 1939 | Keilin, DavidDavid Keilin | Entomology | "For his contributions to biochemistry and entomology; in particular for his demonstration of the part played by cytochrome in the oxidation-reduction mechanisms of the living cell; and for his studies of the higher diptera." |
| Dirac, PaulPaul Dirac | Physics | "For the leading part he had taken in the development of the new quantum mechanics." | |
| 1940 | Marshall, Francis Hugh AdamFrancis Hugh Adam Marshall | Physiology | "For his contributions to the physiology of animal reproduction." |
| Blackett, Patrick Maynard StuartPatrick Maynard Stuart Blackett | Physics | "For his studies of cosmic rays and the showers of particles which they produce, for his share in the discovery of the positive electron, for his work on mesons and many other experimental achievements." | |
| 1941 | Kennaway, ErnestErnest Kennaway | Pathology | "For his discovery of the nature of the carcinogenic substances in coal tar and for his investigations on production of cancer by synthetic substances." |
| Milne, Edward ArthurEdward Arthur Milne | Astrophysics | "For his researches on the atmospheres of the earth and the sun, on the internal constitution of the stars, and on the theory of relativity." | |
| 1942 | Topley, William Whiteman CarltonWilliam Whiteman Carlton Topley | Bacteriology | "For his outstanding work on experimental epidemiology and immunology." |
| Haworth, Walter NormanWalter Norman Haworth | Chemistry | "For his fundamental contributions to organic chemistry, particularly to the constitution of the sugars and the structure of complex polysaccharides." | |
| 1943 | Bailey, Edward BattersbyEdward Battersby Bailey | Geology | "For his distinguished contributions to the knowledge of mountain structure and his studies on the tectonics of vulcanism." |
| Jones, Harold SpencerHarold Spencer Jones | Astronomy | "For his determination of the solar parallax and of other fundamental astronomical constants." | |
| 1944 | Harington, Charles RobertCharles Robert Harington | Chemistry | "For his work in the analysis and synthesis of thyroxine, and in immunological chemistry." |
| Brunt, DavidDavid Brunt | Meteorology | "For his fundamental contributions to meteorology." | |
| 1945 | Salisbury, Edward JamesEdward James Salisbury | Botany | "For his notable contributions to plant ecology and to the study of the British flora generally." |
| Bernal, John DesmondJohn Desmond Bernal | Crystallography | "For his work on the structure of proteins and other substances by X-ray methods and for the solution of many other problems requiring a physical approach." | |
| 1946 | Darlington, Cyril DeanCyril Dean Darlington | Biology | "For his distinguished researches in cytology and genetics." |
| Bragg, LawrenceLawrence Bragg | Physics | "For his distinguished researches in the sciences of X-ray structure analysis and X-ray spectroscopy." | |
| 1947 | Burnet, Frank MacfarlaneFrank Macfarlane Burnet | Virology | "For his distinguished work on bacteriophages, viruses and immunity; and for his contributions to the study of infectious disease as an ecological phenomenon." |
| Hinshelwood, Cyril NormanCyril Norman Hinshelwood | Chemistry | "For his distinguished work on the mechanism of chemical reactions from the simplest gas phase processes to the complexities of cell division." | |
| 1948 | Gray, JamesJames Gray | Zoology | "For his distinguished researches in cytology, ciliary movement, and particularly his anatomical and experimental studies of animal posture and locomotion." |
| Jeffreys, HaroldHarold Jeffreys | Geophysics | "For his distinguished work in geophysics and his important contributions to the astronomy of the solar system. | |
| 1949 | Peters, Rudolph AlbertRudolph Albert Peters | Biochemistry | "For his distinguished biochemical researches, in particular his investigations of (i) the biochemical role of vitamin B1 in tissue metabolism; and (ii) the mechanism of the toxic action of lewisite and other arsenical compounds." |
| Thomson, George PagetGeorge Paget Thomson | Physics | "For his distinguished contributions to many branches of atomic physics, and especially for his work in establishing the wave properties of the electron." | |
| 1950 | Pantin, Carl Frederick AbelCarl Frederick Abel Pantin | Zoology | "For his contributions to the comparative physiology of the Invertebrata, particularly his work on nerve conduction in Crustacea and Actinozoa." |
| Appleton, EdwardEdward Appleton | Physics | "For his work on the ele transmission of electromagnetic waves round the earth and for his investigations of the ionic state of the upper atmosphere." | |
| 1951 | Florey, HowardHoward Florey | Pharmacology | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to pathology by his studies of the functions of mucin and by his work on penicillin and other antibiotics." |
| Heilbron, IanIan Heilbron | Chemistry | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to organic chemistry, notably in the field of vitamin A and polyene synthesis." | |
| 1952 | Bartlett, FredericFrederic Bartlett | Experimental psychology | "In recognition of his creation of an experimental school of psychology which has established under his leadership an outstanding position recognized internationally as without superior." |
| Ingold, Christopher KelkChristopher Kelk Ingold | Chemistry | "In recognition of his extensive theoretical and practical studies of the mechanism of organic chemical reactions and the factors influencing them; and for his analysis of the structure of benzene." | |
| 1953 | Fildes, PaulPaul Fildes | Microbiology | "In recognition of his classical researches on growth factors for bacteria and for laying the foundation of work leading to a rational approach to chemotherapy." |
| Mott, Nevill FrancisNevill Francis Mott | Physics | "In recognition of his eminent work in the field of quantum theory and particularly in the theory of metals." | |
| 1954 | Krebs, Hans AdolfHans Adolf Krebs | Biochemistry | "In recognition of his discovery of two key reactions in animal metabolism and for his distinguished contributions to the knowledge of cell energetics." |
| Cockcroft, JohnJohn Cockcroft | Physics | "In recognition of his distinguished work on nuclear and atomic physics." | |
| 1955 | Wigglesworth, VincentVincent Wigglesworth | Entomology | "In recognition of his distinguished experimental contributions of outstanding value to many aspects of insect physiology." |
| Todd, AlexanderAlexander Todd | Biochemistry | "In recognition of his distinguished work in organic chemistry." | |
| 1956 | Jones, Owen ThomasOwen Thomas Jones | Geology | "In recognition of his distinguished studies in the Palaeozoic rocks, particularly in Wales, his work on sediments, his palaeontological researches and the application of geological knowledge to practical problems." |
| Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary CrowfootDorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin | Chemistry | "In recognition of her distinguished work in the elucidation of structures of penicillin, vitamin B12 and other important compounds by the methods of X-ray crystallography." | |
| 1957 | Gregory, Frederick GugenheimFrederick Gugenheim Gregory | Botany | "In recognition of his distinguished studies in plant physiology." |
| Hodge, William Vallance DouglasWilliam Vallance Douglas Hodge | Mathematics | "In recognition of his distinguished work on algebraic geometry." | |
| 1958 | Hodgkin, Alan LloydAlan Lloyd Hodgkin | Physiology | "In recognition of his distinguished work on the mechanism of excitation and conduction in nerve and muscle." |
| Massey, Harrie Stewart WilsonHarrie Stewart Wilson Massey | Physics | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to physics, and particularly for his experimental and theoretical studies of collision phenomena in gases." | |
| 1959 | Medawar, Peter BrianPeter Brian Medawar | Physiology | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions in the field of tissue transplantation immunity and acquired tolerance." |
| Peierls, RudolfRudolf Peierls | Physics | "In recognition of his distinguished work on the theoretical foundations of high energy and nuclear physics." | |
| 1960 | Cameron, RoyRoy Cameron | Pathology | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions in the field of cellular pathology" |
| Lovell, BernardBernard Lovell | Physics | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to radio astronomy." | |
| 1961 | Clark, Wilfrid Le GrosWilfrid Le Gros Clark | Physiology | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to neuroanatomy and primate morphology, which he has combined to provide new knowledge of human evolution." |
| Powell, Cecil FrankCecil Frank Powell | Physics | "In recognition of his pioneering work on the development of the photographic emulsion technique in the investigation of cosmic rays and the outstanding results derived therefrom on the elementary particles in cosmic radiation." | |
| 1962 | Eccles, John CarewJohn Carew Eccles | Neurophysiology | "In recognition of his distinguished investigations of the function of the spinal cord, particularly of the mechanisms of excitation and inhibition." |
| Chandrasekhar, SubrahmanyanSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar | Astrophysics | "In recognition of his distinguished researches in mathematical physics, particularly those related to the stability of convective motions in fluids with and without magnetic fields." | |
| 1963 | Read, Herbert HaroldHerbert Harold Read | Geology | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the understanding of the processes of rock metamorphism and the origins of granite." |
| Hill, RobertRobert Hill | Biochemistry | "In recognition of his distinguished work in biochemistry of plants, especially for his contributions to knowledge of photosynthesis." | |
| 1964 | Brambell, FrancisFrancis Brambell | Medicine | "In recognition of his important contribution to our understanding of the passage of protein from maternal to foetal circulations." |
| Lighthill, Michael JamesMichael James Lighthill | Aeroacoustics | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of the flow of compressible gases, and the mathematical theory of distributions." | |
| 1965 | Husband, Henry CharlesHenry Charles Husband | Engineering | "In recognition of his distinguished work in many aspects of engineering, particularly for his design studies of large structures such as those exemplified in the radio telescopes at Jodrell Bank and Goonhilly Downs." |
| Kendrew, John CowderyJohn Cowdery Kendrew | Crystallography | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the complete structural analysis of a protein molecule (myoglobin), particularly the biological aspects of this study." | |
| Lyttleton, Raymond ArthurRaymond Arthur Lyttleton | Astronomy | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to astronomy, particularly for his work on the dynamical stability of galaxies." | |
| 1966 | Cockerell, ChristopherChristopher Cockerell | Engineering | "In recognition of his pioneering invention, and major contributions to the subsequent development of hovercraft." |
| Yates, FrankFrank Yates | Statistical biology | "In recognition of his profound and far-reaching contributions to the statistical methods of experimental biology." | |
| Ratcliffe, John AshworthJohn Ashworth Ratcliffe | Physics | "In recognition of his distinguished studies in the ionosphere and on the propagation of radio waves." | |
| 1967 | Hutchinson, JosephJoseph Hutchinson | Biology | "In recognition of his distinguished work on the genetics and evolution of crop-plants with particular reference to cotton." |
| Young, John ZacharyJohn Zachary Young | Neurophysiology | "In recognition of his outstanding researches correlating neural structure with function." | |
| Tilley, Cecil EdgarCecil Edgar Tilley | Petrology | "In recognition of his many distinguished contributions in all branches of retrology." | |
| 1968 | Roberts, GilbertGilbert Roberts | Engineering | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to civil engineering, and in particular to the design and construction of long-span suspension bridges." |
| Morgan, Walter Thomas JamesWalter Thomas James Morgan | Biochemistry | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to knowledge of the chemistry of blood-group substances, with special reference to genetical as well as immunological considerations." | |
| Atiyah, Michael FrancisMichael Francis Atiyah | Mathematics | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to algebraic geometry and to the study of differential equations by the methods of algebraic topology." | |
| 1969 | Oatley, Charles WilliamCharles William Oatley | Electrical engineering | "In recognition of his distinguished work in the wartime development of radar and latterly for the design and development of a highly successful scanning electron microscope." |
| Sanger, FrederickFrederick Sanger | Biochemistry | "In recognition of his pioneer work on the sequence of amino acids in proteins and of nucleotides of ribonucleic acids." | |
| Deacon, George Edward RavenGeorge Edward Raven Deacon | Oceanography | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to physical oceanography and for his leadership as director of the National Institute of Oceanography." | |
| 1970 | Baker, John FleetwoodJohn Fleetwood Baker | Engineering | "In recognition of his fundamental and applied work on the plastic behaviour and design of framed structures which is now being used throughout the world." |
| Rushton, William Albert HughWilliam Albert Hugh Rushton | Physiology | "In recognition of his distinguished work on the visual pigments in the living eye and on chemical and nervous adaptation in the retina." | |
| Dunham, Kingsley CharlesKingsley Charles Dunham | Geology | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to pure and applied geology, and especially in the field of metallic ore deposits." | |
| 1971 | Kent, Percy EdwardPercy Edward Kent | Geology | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to oil and gas exploration and the geology of oil and gas fields." |
| Perutz, MaxMax Perutz | Biology | "In recognition of his pioneering work on the molecular biology and structure of proteins." | |
| Herzberg, GerhardGerhard Herzberg | Physics | "In recognition of his distinguished experimental researches in atomic and molecular spectroscopy and its applications in chemistry, physics and astronomy." | |
| 1972 | Lewis, Wilfrid BennettWilfrid Bennett Lewis | Nuclear physics | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the science and technology of heavy water reactors for power generation." |
| Crick, FrancisFrancis Crick | Biology | "In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of DNA and his continuing contribution to molecular biology." | |
| Barton, DerekDerek Barton | Chemistry | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to organic chemistry, especially his theories on the conformation of organic molecules and his syntheses of natural products." | |
| 1973 | Abraham, Edward PenleyEdward Penley Abraham | Biology | "In recognition of his outstanding work on the isolation, characterization and development of the cephalosporin group of antibiotics." |
| Porter, Rodney RobertRodney Robert Porter | Biology | "In recognition of his penetrating investigations on the structure of immunoglobulins." | |
| Ryle, MartinMartin Ryle | Astronomy | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to radioastronomy." | |
| 1974 | Brenner, SydneySydney Brenner | Biology | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to molecular biology concerning the nature of the genetic code and its expression during development." |
| Edwards, GeorgeGeorge Edwards | Engineering | "In recognition of his many contributions to aeronautical engineering, particularly in the realization of supersonic aircraft." | |
| Hoyle, FredFred Hoyle | Physics | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to theoretical physics and cosmology." | |
| 1975 | Wallis, BarnesBarnes Wallis | Engineering | "In recognition of the originality of his ideas and the determination with which he has pursued them." |
| Phillips, David ChiltonDavid Chilton Phillips | Biology | "In recognition of his solution of the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme and his outstanding contributions to the techniques of x-ray crystallography." | |
| Bullard, EdwardEdward Bullard | Geophysics | "In recognition of his distinction as a world leader in geophysics, especially the generation of the earths magnetic field, the origin of the oceans and continental drift." | |
| 1976 | Walsh, AlanAlan Walsh | Physics | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to emission and infra-red spectroscopy and his origination of the atomic absorption method of quantitative analysis." |
| Gowans, James LearmonthJames Learmonth Gowans | Medicine | "In recognition of his distinguished research in the field of immunology, especially as regards the recirculation and immunological role of lymphocytes" | |
| Cornforth, John WarcupJohn Warcup Cornforth | Chemistry | "In recognition of his fundamental contribution to the stereochemical unravelling of the biosynthesis of squalene and cholesterol from acetate and mevalonate." | |
| 1977 | Adams, John BertramJohn Bertram Adams | Physics | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the design and operation of high-energy particle accelerators." |
| Huxley, Hugh EsmorHugh Esmor Huxley | Biology | "In recognition of his distinguished research on the structure of muscle and on the molecular mechanisms of contraction." | |
| Hirsch, PeterPeter Hirsch | Materials science | "In recognition of his distinguished studies of defects in crystals and especially of his elucidation of the process of work hardening." | |
| 1978 | Kilburn, TomTom Kilburn | Engineering | "In recognition of his outstanding individual and continuing contribution to the development of computer hardware in the United Kingdom over the last thirty years." |
| Gregory, Roderic AlfredRoderic Alfred Gregory | Biology | "In recognition of his distinguished studies of the biological activity of peptide hormones in relation to their structure." | |
| Salam, AbdusAbdus Salam | Physics | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the physics of elementary particles with special reference to the unification of the electromagnetic and weak interactions." | |
| 1979 | Cosslett, Vernon EllisVernon Ellis Cosslett | Physics | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the design and development of the X-ray microscope, the scanning electron microprobe analyser, the high voltage and ultrahigh resolution (2.5A) electron microscopes and their applications in many disciplines." |
| Kosterlitz, Hans WalterHans Walter Kosterlitz | Biology | "In recognition of his distinguished work on narcotics leading to the discovery in 1975 of the enkephalins." | |
| Frank, CharlesCharles Frank | Physics | "In recognition of his outstanding original contributions to the theory of crystal growth, dislocations, phase transformations and polymers, with wide applications in physics, chemistry and geology." | |
| 1980 | Wild, John PaulJohn Paul Wild | Astronomy | "In recognition of his conception of the basic principles of the Interscan aircraft instrument landing system and the guidance of its development to a successful conclusion." |
| Harris, HenryHenry Harris | Medicine | "In recognition of his development of cell fusion for the study of somatic-cell genetics and differentiation including the genetic control of malignancy." | |
| Wilkinson, DenysDenys Wilkinson | Physics | "In recognition of his highly original research in nuclear physics and of his outstanding contributions on giant resonances, radiative widths, second-class beta decay and the fundamental symmetries of nuclear interactions and also on instrumentation." | |
| 1981 | Riley, RalphRalph Riley | Genetics | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to understanding the genetics of wheat and the development of new methods of producing improved varieties." |
| Vogt, Marthe LouiseMarthe Louise Vogt | Neuroscience | "In recognition of her important contributions to synaptic biochemistry and pharmacology which are fundamental to modern neuropharmacology." | |
| Wilkinson, GeoffreyGeoffrey Wilkinson | Chemistry | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to preparative inorganic chemistry and in particular to the synthesis and application of organometallic compounds." | |
| 1982 | Milstein, CesarCesar Milstein | Biochemistry | "In recognition of his fundamental contribution to understanding the structure and genetic control of immunoglobulins; his hybridoma technique for producing monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized the potential practical applications of immunology." |
| Hawthorne, WilliamWilliam Hawthorne | Engineering | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to engineering thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, and particularly the internal aerodynamics of turbomachines." | |
| Dalitz, Richard HenryRichard Henry Dalitz | Physics | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to particle physics, particularly in relation to the properties of strange particles." | |
| 1983 | Bradley, Daniel JosephDaniel Joseph Bradley | Physics | "In recognition of his development of the techniques of generating ultra-short light pulses from lasers, and of picosecond streak cameras." |
| Feldberg, Wilhelm SiegmundWilhelm Siegmund Feldberg | Biology | "In recognition of his contributions to elucidating the nature of chemical synaptic transmission in nervous systems and the regulating effects of hormones in peripheral systems." | |
| Kingman, JohnJohn Kingman | Mathematics | "In recognition of his distinguished researches on queuing theory, on regenerative phenomena, and on mathematical genetics." | |
| 1984 | Cullen, Alexander LambAlexander Lamb Cullen | Electrical engineering | "In recognition of his many distinguished contributions to microwave engineering, both theoretical and experimental, and in particular for research on microwave antennae." |
| Lyon, MaryMary Lyon | Genetics | "In recognition of her distinguished contributions to the discovery of X-chromosome inactivation as a mechanism of gene dosage compensation." | |
| Battersby, AlanAlan Battersby | Chemistry | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the elucidation of the pathway for the biosynthesis of complex natural products." | |
| 1985 | Argyris, JohnJohn Argyris | Engineering | "For his great contribution to the development of finite element analysis and its application to the solution of engineering problems." |
| Gurdon, John BertrandJohn Bertrand Gurdon | Biology | "For his outstanding contributions to the techniques of nuclear transplantation and the use of the amphibian egg for investigations on replication, transcription and translation of genes." | |
| Penrose, RogerRoger Penrose | Physics | "For his fundamental contributions to the theory of gravitational collapse and to other geometric aspects of theoretical physics." | |
| 1986 | Ash, EricEric Ash | Electrical engineering | "In recognition of his outstanding researches on acoustic microscopy leading to wholly new techniques and substantial improvements in resolution of acoustic microscopes." |
| Doll, RichardRichard Doll | Physiology | "In recognition of his pioneering use of statistical and epidemiological techniques to evaluate environmental factors in disease, notably that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease and bronchitis." | |
| Richards, RexRex Richards | Chemistry | "In recognition of his many contributions, both theoretical and instrumental, to nuclear magnetic resonance." | |
| 1987 | Born, Gustav Victor RudolfGustav Victor Rudolf Born | Pharmacology | "In recognition of his major contributions to the physiology, pathology and pharmacology of platelets and of his widely used methods for studying platelet function in haemostasis and thrombosis." |
| Denton, Eric JamesEric James Denton | Marine biology | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the physiology of marine animals, to marine biology generally, and his leadership of U.K. marine science." | |
| Graham-Smith, FrancisFrancis Graham-Smith | Astronomy | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to radio- and optical-astronomy." | |
| 1988 | Barlow, HaroldHarold Barlow | Engineering | "In recognition of his distinguished research, particularly on microwaves and waveguides, and of his lasting influence as the founder of an unusually productive research school." |
| Watkins, WinifredWinifred Watkins | Biochemistry | "In recognition of her fundamental contributions towards an understanding of the biochemical genetics of carbohydrate antigens on cell surfaces and in secreted glycoproteins." | |
| Batchelor, GeorgeGeorge Batchelor | Mathematics | "In recognition of his distinguished work on the theory of turbulence and turbulent diffusion, and the theory of microhydrodynamics and colloidal suspensions." | |
| 1989 | Vane, JohnJohn Vane | Pharmacology | "In recognition of his development of techniques to detect and monitor substances in the blood that regulate the circulation, and their application to the treatment of vascular and ischaemic conditions." |
| Weatherall, DavidDavid Weatherall | Medicine | "In recognition of his pioneering work on the clinical and molecular basis of the thalassaemias, and fundamental contributions to the unravelling of their heterogeneity." | |
| Polanyi, John CharlesJohn Charles Polanyi | Chemistry | "In recognition of his pioneering work on the electromagnetic radiation emitted from chemical charges, leading to the basis of the chemical laser process." | |
| 1990 | Zienkiewicz, Olgierd CecilOlgierd Cecil Zienkiewicz | Engineering | "In recognition of his pioneering development of the finite element method as a general procedure of solving problems of engineering physics and for demonstrating its success in applications to stress analysis, fluid mechanics, electromagnetics and many other situations." |
| McLaren, AnneAnne McLaren | Developmental biology | "In recognition of her distinguished research on mammalian embryology, particularly for providing much of the scientific basis for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, and for analysing sex determination in mammals." | |
| Berry, MichaelMichael Berry | Physics | "In recognition of his deep and innovatory researches in classical and quantum physics, especially the discovery of the "Berry phase"." | |
| 1991 | Mason, JohnJohn Mason | Physics | "In recognition of his distinguished research on cloud physics and, as Director-General of the Meteorological Office, his broadening and strengthening of research in meteorology in the UK." |
| Berridge, MichaelMichael Berridge | Biology | "In recognition of his discovery that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate functions as a second messenger to mobilize calcium." | |
| McKenzie, DanDan McKenzie | Geophysics | "In recognition of his seminal role in developing a quantitative understanding of a wide range of geophysical and geological processes, including plate tectonics, mantle convection, continental deformation and melt segregation." | |
| 1992 | Tabor, DavidDavid Tabor | Physics | "for his seminal contributions to the basic study of friction and wear between solids, of considerable relevance to the design of machines." |
| Epstein, AnthonyAnthony Epstein | Medicine | "distinguished for the isolation of the Epstein-Barr virus which is closely associated with Burkitts lymphoma." | |
| Donaldson, SimonSimon Donaldson | Mathematics | "distinguished for his work which has revolutionized our understanding of four-dimensional geometry." | |
| 1993 | Hill, RodneyRodney Hill | Applied mathematics | "for his outstanding contribution to the theoretical mechanics of solids, and especially the plasticity of solids." |
| Barlow, HoraceHorace Barlow | Neuroscience | "for his outstanding and original contributions to electrophysiological, computational and psychophysical study of visual sensation and perception." | |
| Heine, VolkerVolker Heine | Physics | "In recognition of his contributions to solid state theory, in particular the bonding and structure of solids." | |
| 1994 | Moncada, SalvadorSalvador Moncada | Pharmacology | "for his contributions to pharmacology and the discovery of basic mechanisms of signal transmission relevant to drug action." |
| Mansfield, EricEric Mansfield | Aeronautics | "for his many fundamental and analytical contributions to our knowledge of advanced aeronautical structures, and more recently to the biological sciences." | |
| Chandrasekhar, SivaramakrishnaSivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar | Physics | "his many new discoveries in the understanding of liquid crystals, for a synthesis of the subject of his seminal book, "The invention of discotic liquid crystals", and for elucidating their remarkable properties." | |
| 1995 | Metcalf, DonaldDonald Metcalf | Medicine | "In recognition of his discovery of colony stimulating factors which regulate the growth and differentiation of normal hematopoietic and leukemic cells." |
| Nurse, PaulPaul Nurse | Biochemistry | "In recognition of his work on the control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells by his discovery of the identity and function of genes that regulate the key control points in the process of cell proliferation." | |
| Williams, Robert J PRobert J P Williams | Chemistry | "In recognition of his contributions in clearly presenting the role of inorganic elements in biological systems." | |
| 1996 | Hinde, RobertRobert Hinde | Zoology | "In recognition of his contributions to the field of animal behaviour and the dominant influence it achieved on the emerging field of ethology." |
| Heslop-Harrison, JackJack Heslop-Harrison | Botany | "In recognition of his pioneering work in plant reproductive biology, in particular the areas of taxonomy and ecology, whole plant physiology, development of sub-cellular systems in somatic and reproductive cells, pollen/stigma interactions and acto/myosin transport systems within the pollen tube." | |
| Wiles, AndrewAndrew Wiles | Mathematics | "In recognition of his achievements in number theory, in particular Fermats Last Theorem and his achievements in algebraic number theory particularly the celebrated main conjecture on cyclotomic fields." | |
| 1997 | Eglinton, GeoffreyGeoffrey Eglinton | Chemistry | "In recognition of his contribution to our understanding of the way in which chemicals move from the living biosphere to the fossil geosphere, in particular the origin, genesis, maturation and migration of oil which has had great repercussions on the petroleum industry." |
| Smith, John MaynardJohn Maynard Smith | Biology | "In recognition of his theoretical contributions to evolutionary biology, combining mathematics and biology to develop a sound understanding in such fields as population dynamics, paleobiology, ethology, behavioural ecology, bacteriology and genetics." | |
| Perkins, Donald HillDonald Hill Perkins | Physics | "In recognition of his contributions to experimental particle physics, in particular the elucidation of the structure of the nucleon on the basis of observations of neutrino interactions, the quark substructure of the nucleon, and production of the first quantitative evidence for the validity of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)." | |
| 1998 | Southern, EdwinEdwin Southern | Biochemistry | "In recognition of his development of the method of transferring spatial patterns of DNA fragments from the electrophoretic separation medium to membranes on which the hybridisation could occur known as southern blotting, now a fundamental technique in molecular biology." |
| Miledi, RicardoRicardo Miledi | Neuroscience | "In recognition of his many important discoveries in cellular and molecular physiology which have greatly advanced our knowledge of synaptic transmission in the nervous system and of long term effects of trophic interaction between neurones and effector cells." | |
| Bradley, Donald CharltonDonald Charlton Bradley | Chemistry | "In recognition of his pioneering work on the molecular chemistry of metal-alkoxides and metal-amides, their synthesis, structure and bonding, and for his studies of their conversions to metal-oxides and metal-nitrides, processes which now find common place applications in materials science, especially in the fields of microelectronics and chemical vapour deposition." | |
| 1999 | Davidson, John FrankJohn Frank Davidson | Chemistry | "In recognition of his distinguished work over many years in chemical engineering, including fluid flow, process dynamics, gas absorption and fluidization technology which has been concerned with real problems of industrial significance." |
| Wall, Patrick DavidPatrick David Wall | Neuroscience | "In recognition of his fundamental contributions to our knowledge of the somatosensory system and, in particular, pain mechanisms, where his insights led to the therapeutic use of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, dorsal columns of the spinal cord, and brain stem for the control of pain, methods that are now in widespread use." | |
| Howie, ArchibaldArchibald Howie | Physics | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the development and application of electron microscopy of materials, and to the underlying theories of electron scattering, in particular his extensive contributions to inelastic scattering theory, his systematic high resolution microscope studies of amorphous materials, his introduction of the concept of coherence volume for hollow cone dark field imaging and his pioneering use of a high angle annular dark field detector to image small catalyst particles." | |
| 2000 | Berners-Lee, TimothyTimothy Berners-Lee | Computer science | "In recognition of his invention and subsequent development of the World Wide Web, designing the universal resource locator (URL), an addressing system to give each Web page a unique location and the two protocols HTTP and HTML." |
| Burnstock, GeoffreyGeoffrey Burnstock | Neuroscience | "In recognition of his development of new hypotheses challenging the accepted views on autonomic neurotransmission, leading to new advances in the understanding of purinergic neurotransmission." | |
| Ingold, Keith UsherwoodKeith Usherwood Ingold | Chemistry | "In recognition of his work in elucidating the mechanism of reactions involving free radicals." | |
| 2001 | Gardner, RichardRichard Gardner | Biology | "In recognition of his pioneering work on microsurgery of the mouse blastocyst which laid the foundation for major advances in biological knowledge, both in developmental biology and in understanding of gene function." |
| Horn, GabrielGabriel Horn | Biology | "In recognition of his work on the neurobiological mechanisms of behavioural imprinting, embracing molecular, cellular, anatomical, electrophysiological and ethological approaches to learning and memory." | |
| Edwards, SamSam Edwards | Physics | "In recognition of his enormous influence across a wide spectrum of physical sciences, particularly theoretical condensed matter physics." | |
| 2002 | Peto, RichardRichard Peto | Mathematics | "In recognition of his outstanding work on the epidemiology of smoking and chronic disease." |
| Cory, SuzanneSuzanne Cory | Genetics | "In recognition of her distinguished work on the molecular basis of cancer. She pioneered the use of transgenic mice to elucidate the role of various oncogenes in lymphoid malignancies." | |
| Freeman, RayRay Freeman | Chemistry | "In recognition of his seminal contributions to the development and understanding of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods" | |
| 2003 | Skehel, JohnJohn Skehel | Virology | "In recognition of his pioneering research into virology. His studies and discoveries in the mechanisms by which influenza virus binds to the host cell, and in virus-cell membrane fusion have had a fundamental impact on the field." |
| Johnson, KennethKenneth Johnson | Engineering | "In recognition of his outstanding work in the field of contact mechanics. His work his characterised by elegant experiments, skilful analyses and insightful explanations of observed phenomena." | |
| Shackleton, NicholasNicholas Shackleton | Geology | "in recognition of his seminal contributions to the fields of paleoceanography and geochemistry." | |
| 2004 | Black, JamesJames Black | Chemistry | "In recognition of his work in both academia and industry, pioneering a new era of rational drug discovery." |
| Jeffreys, AlecAlec Jeffreys | Genetics | "In recognition of his outstanding discoveries and inventions which have had major impacts on large areas of genetics. " | |
| Lewis, JackJack Lewis | Chemistry | "In recognition of his distinguished career in the field of inorganic chemistry over the last 50 years, mainly in the area of the transition elements." | |
| 2005 | Pepper, MichaelMichael Pepper | Physics | "In recognition of his work which has had the highest level of influence in condensed matter physics and has resulted in the creation of the modern field of semiconductor nanostructures." |
| Pawson, AnthonyAnthony Pawson | Biology | "In recognition of his discoveries which have revealed the principles underlying cell signalling, and have been pivotal in understanding pathological states such as cancer." | |
| Fisher, MichaelMichael Fisher | Physics | "In recognition of his seminal contributions to wetting transitions, dislocation melting and criticality of ionic solutions and many other topics in Statistical Mechanics." | |
| 2006 | Baulcombe, DavidDavid Baulcombe | Botany | "In recognition of his profoundly significant recent discoveries for not only plants but for all of biology and for medicine." |
| Hunt, TimTim Hunt | Biochemistry | "discovering a key aspect of cell cycle control, the protein cyclin which is a component of cyclin dependent kinases, demonstrating his ability to grasp the significance of the result outside his immediate sphere of interest." | |
| Pendry, JohnJohn Pendry | Physics | "In recognition of his seminal contributions in surface sciences, disordered systems, photonics and most recently in metamaterials and the concept of the perfect lens." | |
| 2007 | Lindahl, TomasTomas Lindahl | Medicine | "making fundamental contributions to our understanding of DNA repair. His achievements stand out for their great originality, breadth and lasting influence." |
| Hilsum, CyrilCyril Hilsum | Physics | "In recognition of his many outstanding contributions and for continuing to use his prodigious talents on behalf of industry, government and academe to this day." | |
| Feast, JamesJames Feast | Chemistry | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to chemical synthesis with far reaching implications, particularly for the field of functional polymeric materials." | |
| 2008 | Hedges, RobertRobert Hedges | Archaeology | "In recognition of his contribution to the rapid development of accelerator mass spectrometry and radiocarbon dating techniques." |
| Cohen, PhilipPhilip Cohen | Biochemistry | "In recognition of his major contribution to our understanding of the role of protein phosphorylation in cell regulation." | |
| Fersht, AlanAlan Fersht | Chemistry | "In recognition of his seminal work in protein engineering, which he has developed into a fundamental tool in enzyme analysis and the problem of protein folding." | |
| 2009 | Rao, ChintamaniChintamani Rao | Chemistry | "For his highly innovative and diverse contributions to solid-state and materials chemistry." |
| Laskey, RonaldRonald Laskey | Molecular Biology | "For his pivotal contributions to our understanding of the control of DNA replication and nuclear protein transport, which has led to a novel screening method for cancer diagnosis." | |
| Dobson, ChrisChris Dobson | Biophysics | "For his outstanding contributions to the understanding of the mechanisms of protein folding and mis-folding, and the implications for disease." | |
| 2010 | Knight, PeterPeter Knight | Quantum optics | "for his pioneering research and international leadership in the field of quantum optics and quantum information science." |
| Surani, AzimAzim Surani | Biology | "for his pivotal contributions to the understanding of early mammalian development." | |
| Hill, AllenAllen Hill | Chemistry | "for his pioneering work on protein electrochemistry, which revolutionised the diagnostic testing of glucose and many other bioelectrochemical assays." | |
| 2011 | Ley, StevenSteven Ley | Chemistry | "for his pioneering research in organic chemistry and outstanding contributions to the methodology of synthesis." |
| Holliday, RobinRobin Holliday | Molecular Biology | "for his highly influential discoveries of the 'Holliday junction' structure in meiotic recombination and the function of DNA methylation at CG base pairs." | |
| Winter, GregoryGregory Winter | Biophysics | "for his pioneering work in protein engineering and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, and his contributions as an inventor and entrepreneur." | |
| 2012 | Kibble, TomTom Kibble | Physics | "for his theories of symmetry-breaking in quantum field theory, with diverse applications to elementary particle masses, vortex formation in Helium 3 and structure formation in the early universe." |
| Murray, KennethKenneth Murray | Biology | "for his crucial contributions to the development of genetic engineering, to biotechnology and to the study of hepatitis viruses." | |
| Holmes, AndrewAndrew Holmes | Chemistry | "for his outstanding contributions to chemical synthesis at the interface between materials and biology and pioneering the field of organic electronic materials." | |
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