Scanlon may refer to:
- 8131 Scanlon (1976 SC), a main-belt asteroid discovered in 1976 and named for amateur astronomer Leo J. Scanlon
- Atascadero State Hospital v. Scanlon, 473 U.S. 234 (1985), a case decided by the United States Supreme Court regarding Congress' power to abrogate the sovereign immunity of the states
- Brooks-Scanlon Corporation 1 is a 2-6-2 steam locomotive at Steamtown National Historic Site in Pennsylvania
- Scanlon, Minnesota, a small city in the United States
- Scanlon Farm (also known as the Scanlon Log House), late 19th-century loghouse and farm in West Virginia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (1988)
- USS M. J. Scanlon (ID-3513), a United States Navy cargo ship in commission from 1918 to 1919
People with the surname Scanlon include:
- A. G. "Butch" Scanlon, head coach of the Purdue University college football program (1918–1920)
- Agnes Scanlon, American Democratic politician who served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (1977–1978)
- Albert Scanlon (1935–2009), English football player, senior career (1954–1966)
- Bethany Kennedy Scanlon (born 1975), American author/speaker who writes for the Christian genre
- Bill Scanlon (born 1956), American tennis player, the only professional ever to achieve a golden set
- Bob Scanlon, professional football player for the Boston Astros in 1973
- Craig Scanlon (born 1960), British guitarist, member of the band The Fall (1979–1995)
- Dan Scanlon, animator, storyboard artist, and writer/director with Pixar
- Denis Scanlon (born 1954), Australian rules footballer (Essendon, 1976–1981) who completed a doctorate and now works as a medical researcher
- Dewey Scanlon (born 1899, date of death unknown), American football coach, head coach in the National Football League (1924–1929)
- Eamon Scanlon (born 1954), Irish politician – Senator (2002–2007) and Teachta Dála (from 2007)
- Eugene Scanlon (died 1994), American Democratic politician who served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (1969–1974) and the Pennsylvania State Senate (1975–1994)
- Eugene Scanlon, Jr., American judge of Common Pleas in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (1998–2009)
- Glenda Scanlon, Senior Pastor of Abundant Life Church in Bradford, England
- Hugh Scanlon (1913–2004), Australian-born British trade unionist, served as President of the Amalgamated Engineering Union (1968–1978), elevated to the House of Lords as Baron Scanlon (1979)
- Ian Scanlon (born 1952), Scottish professional footballer (senior career: 1970–1986)
- J. D. Scanlon, researcher of madtsoiidae, an extinct group of mostly Gondwanan snakes with fossils found in South America, Africa, India, Australia and Southern Europe
- Jack Scanlon (born 1998), English child actor, played a lead role in the 2008 film The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas
- Jack Scanlon (footballer) (born 1911, date of death unknown), Australian rules footballer (St Kilda, 1930–1936) and father of Peter Scanlon (VFL/AFL Commissioner, 1985–1992)
- James Scanlon, actor who starred in the 2006 film Billboard America
- Jefferson Scanlon, fictional character in the Isaac Asimov science fiction short story Half-Breed
- Jestis Scanlon, fictional character on the BBC soap opera EastEnders
- Jennifer Scanlon, author of biography Bad Girls Go Everywhere: The Life of Helen Gurley Brown
- Joseph Scanlon (died 1970), American Democratic politician who served in the Pennsylvania State Senate (1969–1970)
- Joseph A. Scanlon, American Democratic politician who served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (1935–1952)
- Larimar Fiallo Scanlón known as Larimar Fiallo (born 1983), represented Dominican Republic in the Miss Universe pageant in 2004
- Leo Scanlon, American amateur astronomer who co-founded the Amateur Astronomers Association of Pittsburgh in 1929 and for whom 8131 Scanlon is named
- Mark Scanlon (cyclist) (born 1980), Irish cyclist (amateur: 1992–2003, professional: 2003–2007)
- Mark Scanlon (fighter), English welterweight mixed martial arts fighter based in Liverpool
- Mary Scanlon (born 1947), Conservative politician and Member of the Scottish Parliament (1999–2006, 2007–present)
- Michael Scanlon, American aide to Congressman Tom DeLay (R-TX) and later lobbyist working with Jack Abramoff
- Michael Scanlon (baseball) (1843–1929), Irish-born Major League Baseball manager (1884–1886)
- Michael Scanlon (poet) (1833–1917), Irish-born Fenian poet and statistician
- Pat Scanlon (outfielder) (1861–1913), American Major League Baseball player (Boston Reds, 1884)
- Pat Scanlon (third baseman) (born 1952), American Major League Baseball player (1974–1977)
- Paul Scanlon, Senior Pastor of Abundant Life Church in Bradford, England
- Pauline Scanlon, singer of contemporary and traditional Irish music
- Peter R. Scanlon (1931–2009), American businessman, chairman and chief executive officer of Coopers & Lybrand (1982–1991)
- Phil Scanlon (born 1976), English bassist who performed in the Scottish rock group Idlewild
- Rich Scanlon (born 1980), American linebacker in the National Football League (from 2004)
- Scott Scanlon, fictional character in TV show Beverly Hills, 90210 portrayed by Douglas Emerson in Seasons 1 and 2
- Séamus Scanlon also known as 'Moosey' (born 1981), Irish Gaelic footballer (senior scene from 2002) and Gaelic Athletic Association All Star (2009)
- T. M. Scanlon (born 1940), Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity at Harvard University
- Terry Scanlon (1913–1996), Australian comedian and pantomime artist
- Thomas E. Scanlon (1896–1955), Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania (1941–1945)
- Walter J. Scanlon, alias of Walter Van Brunt (born 1891), American tenor who became involved in a scandal involving adultery and bigamy