The Shramana (Skt. Śramaṇa; Pāli. samaṇa) movement was a Non-Vedic movement parallel to Vedic Hinduism in ancient India. The Shramana tradition gave rise to Jainism, Buddhism, and Yoga, and was responsible for the related concepts of saṃsāra (the cycle of birth and death) and moksha (liberation from that cycle).
Read more about Shramana: Etymology and Origin, Śramaṇa Movement, Śramaṇa Influences, Śramaṇa Philosophy, Usage of "Śramaṇa" in Jain Texts, Influence On Hinduism, Śramaṇa in Western Literature, Śramaṇa in Contemporary Western Culture, See Also, Notes