Procedural Extensions
SQL is designed for a specific purpose: to query data contained in a relational database. SQL is a set-based, declarative query language, not an imperative language like C or BASIC. However, there are extensions to Standard SQL which add procedural programming language functionality, such as control-of-flow constructs. These include:
| Source | Common Name |
Full Name |
|---|---|---|
| ANSI/ISO Standard | SQL/PSM | SQL/Persistent Stored Modules |
| Interbase/ Firebird |
PSQL | Procedural SQL |
| IBM DB2 | SQL PL | SQL Procedural Language (implements SQL/PSM) |
| IBM Informix | SPL | Stored Procedural Language |
| Microsoft/ Sybase |
T-SQL | Transact-SQL |
| Mimer SQL | SQL/PSM | SQL/Persistent Stored Module (implements SQL/PSM) |
| MySQL | SQL/PSM | SQL/Persistent Stored Module (implements SQL/PSM) |
| Oracle | PL/SQL | Procedural Language/SQL (based on Ada) |
| PostgreSQL | PL/pgSQL | Procedural Language/PostgreSQL Structured Query Language (based on Oracle PL/SQL) |
| PostgreSQL | PL/PSM | Procedural Language/Persistent Stored Modules (implements SQL/PSM) |
| Sybase | Watcom-SQL | SQL Anywhere Watcom-Structured Query Language Dialect |
In addition to the standard SQL/PSM extensions and proprietary SQL extensions, procedural and object-oriented programmability is available on many SQL platforms via DBMS integration with other languages. The SQL standard defines SQL/JRT extensions (SQL Routines and Types for the Java Programming Language) to support Java code in SQL databases. SQL Server 2005 uses the SQLCLR (SQL Server Common Language Runtime) to host managed .NET assemblies in the database, while prior versions of SQL Server were restricted to using unmanaged extended stored procedures that were primarily written in C. PostgreSQL allows functions to be written in a wide variety of languages including Perl, Python, Tcl, and C.
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