Specialized Disciplines
Statistical techniques are used in a wide range of types of scientific and social research, including: biostatistics, computational biology, computational sociology, network biology, social science, sociology and social research. Some fields of inquiry use applied statistics so extensively that they have specialized terminology. These disciplines include:
- Actuarial science
- Applied information economics
- Biostatistics
- Business statistics
- Chemometrics (for analysis of data from chemistry)
- Data mining (applying statistics and pattern recognition to discover knowledge from data)
- Demography
- Econometrics
- Energy statistics
- Engineering statistics
- Epidemiology
- Geography and Geographic Information Systems, specifically in Spatial analysis
- Image processing
- Psychological statistics
- Reliability engineering
- Social statistics
In addition, there are particular types of statistical analysis that have also developed their own specialised terminology and methodology:
- Bootstrap & Jackknife Resampling
- Multivariate statistics
- Statistical classification
- Statistical surveys
- Structured data analysis (statistics)
- Structural equation modelling
- Survival analysis
- Statistics in various sports, particularly baseball and cricket
Statistics form a key basis tool in business and manufacturing as well. It is used to understand measurement systems variability, control processes (as in statistical process control or SPC), for summarizing data, and to make data-driven decisions. In these roles, it is a key tool, and perhaps the only reliable tool.
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—Allan Bloom (1930–1992)