- Götz Adriani - art historian
- Svenja Bazlen - triathlete
- Günther Behnisch – architect
- Paul Bonatz – architect, built Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof (main train station)
- Robert Bosch – inventor (founded the Robert Bosch GmbH)
- Charles Eugene, 14th Duke of Württemberg, built the New Palace of Stuttgart, Solitude Castle and Hohenheim Castle
- Charles I of Württemberg, king 1864 to 1891
- Gottlieb Daimler – inventor of the motorbike, with Karl Benz founded what would become Mercedes-Benz
- Wilhelm Hauff, poet
- Roland Emmerich – film producer, director and writer
- Gerhard Ertl – Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry 2007
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel – philosopher
- Maximilian Herre – Influential musician and part founder of the Kolchose
- Max Horkheimer - sociologist and philosopher ("Critical Theory")
- Theodor Heuss – First German Post-War President
- Sami Khedira – football player, formerly VfB Stuttgart, now Real Madrid
- Arnulf Klett, mayor 1945 to 1974
- Jürgen Klinsmann – football player, former coach of the German national football team, currently coach of the United States men's national soccer team
- Klaus von Klitzing – German physicist (1985 Nobel Prize in Physics)
- Jürgen Klopp, former footballer and then coach at FSV Mainz 05, now coach at Borussia Dortmund (Fußball-Bundesliga champion 2011 and 2012)
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- Wilhelm Maybach – inventor together with Gottlieb Daimler
- Frei Otto – architect (designer of the roof on the Olympic stadium in Munich)
- Ferdinand Porsche – creator of the VW Beetle, founder of the Porsche car company
- Manfred Rommel – Mayor of Stuttgart 1974–1996, son of Erwin Rommel
- Friedrich von Schiller – famous German poet
- Kurt Schumacher – sculptor, member of the German Resistance against the Nazis
- Berthold Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg – lawyer, member of the German Resistance who tried to kill Hitler
- Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg – Colonel, member of the German Resistance who tried to kill Hitler
- Sophie of Württemberg, Queen of the Netherlands 1849 to 1877
- Thaddäus Troll – poet, novelist and playwright
- Carmen Vincelj – Professional dancer and nine times Latin dance World Championship winner
- Dorothea Wendling – soprano for whom the role of Ilia was created by Mozart in his Idomeneo
- Richard von Weizsäcker – former German President, Mayor of Berlin (son of Ernst)
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