Surveillance - Countersurveillance, Inverse Surveillance, Sousveillance

Countersurveillance, Inverse Surveillance, Sousveillance

Countersurveillance is the practice of avoiding surveillance or making surveillance difficult. Developments in the late twentieth century have caused counter surveillance to dramatically grow in both scope and complexity, such as the Internet, increasing prevalence of electronic security systems, high-altitude (and possibly armed) UAVs, and large corporate and government computer databases.

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Inverse surveillance is the practice of reversalism on surveillance (e.g., citizens photographing police). Well-known examples are George Holliday's recording of the Rodney King beating and the organization Copwatch, which attempts to surveil police officers to prevent police brutality.

Sousveillance is a term coined by Steve Mann, a professor at the University of Toronto, refers to inverse surveillance and includes the recording of an activity by a participant in the activity.