Thymoma - Staging

Staging

The Masaoka Staging System is used widely and is based on the anatomic extent of disease at the time of surgery:

  • I: Completely encapsulated
  • IIA: Microscopic invasion through the capsule into surrounding fatty tissue
  • IIB: Macroscopic invasion into capsule
  • III: Macroscopic invasion into adjacent organs
  • IVA: Pleural or pericardial implants
  • IVB: Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis to distant (extrathoracic) sites

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